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E Baba

Publications and source records attributed to E Baba.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous Salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens.

Four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the recrudescence of Salmonella enteritidis in previously infected chickens. Significant recrudescence of cecal colonization in the birds challenged with E. tenella was observed at 3 wk after S. enteritidis infection in Experiment 1, at 3 and 4 wk in Experiment 2, and at 3, 4, and 5 wk in Experiments 3 and 4. The recrudescence was indicated by .81 to 6.31 logs increase in cecal S. enteritidis counts and by higher percentages of ceca that were culture-positive. The possible prolonged cecal S. enteritidis shedding from chickens infected with coccidia into the environment might be important for the perpetuation of S. enteritidis infectious cycle. Except for Experiment 1, in which a significant higher culture-positive rate of the liver was detected in the coccidia-infected group, no significant difference of culture-positive rate of liver and spleen between the treatments was observed. The recrudescence of previous S. enteritidis infection caused by E. tenella infection was obviously related to the initial S. enteritidis dose size and time of exposure to coccidia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Sequence heterogeneity of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the central nervous system of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.

The nucleotide sequence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in central nervous system tissue was determined in 3 autopsy cases with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and 1 seropositive carrier without HAM/TSP but with multiple sclerosis. All HAM/TSP samples (3 spinal cords and 2 brains) and the sample from the seropositive carrier without HAM/TSP (brain) were positive for HTLV-I env (5146-6681), pX5' (6549-7494), and pX3' (7354-8276) regions by the two-step polymerase chain reaction method. A nucleotide sequence analysis of the pX5' and pX3' polymerase chain reaction products from nucleotides 6631 to 8259 revealed heterogeneity of the HTLV-I genome in all cases. It is notable that 13 of 50 clones derived from the pX3' polymerase chain reaction products were defective in the tax open reading frame while 7 were defective in the rex open reading frame in the HAM/TSP samples. All 17 clones from 1 HAM/TSP case were defective in the pX open reading frame II. One nucleotide insertion at 7784 creating a frame shift in both tax and rex was seen in all 3 HAM/TSP cases but not in the HTLV-I carrier without HAM/TSP. The pX-defective mutants found frequently in the central nervous system may contribute to the neural damage, since the pX gene products are essential for the transactivation of various cellular genes as well as for viral replication.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Induction of antibody responses that neutralize human T-cell leukemia virus type I infection in vitro and in vivo by peptide immunization.

In order to define neutralization regions on the envelope antigen of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), we have generated a number of new anti-envelope gp46 monoclonal antibodies from rats and mice. Epitopes recognized by new monoclonal antibodies which could neutralize HTLV-I in syncytium and transformation inhibition assays were localized to sequences in gp46 from amino acids 186 to 193, 190 to 195, 191 to 195, 191 to 196, and 194 to 199. Ovalbumin-conjugated synthetic gp46 peptides containing these neutralization epitopes, pep190-199 (a synthetic gp46 peptide containing amino acids 190 to 199) and pep180-204, but not pep185-194 or pep194-203, could give rise to HTLV-I-neutralizing antibody responses in rabbits. These immune or nonimmune rabbits were then challenged with HTLV-I by intravenous inoculation with 5 x 10(7) live HTLV-I-producing ILT-8M2 cells. By a PCR assay, it was revealed that HTLV-I provirus was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonimmune and pep288-312-immunized rabbits, whereas the provirus was not detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes from pep190-199- and pep180-204-immunized rabbits over an extended period. These results suggest that the induction of anti-gp46 neutralizing antibody responses by immunization with synthetic peptides has the potential to protect animals against HTLV-I infection in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Periodical blood pressure variation during cardiopulmonary bypass--effects of cervicothoracic epidural anesthesia and phentolamine].

We studied the effects of cervicothoracic epidural anesthesia or intravenous phentolamine on periodical blood pressure variation during cardiopulmonary bypass in 12 adult patients undergoing open heart surgery under fentanyl anesthesia. Spontaneous periodical fluctuation of the blood pressure was analyzed by means of autoregressive power spectrum method. Amplitudes of the low frequency (0.02-0.15 Hz) component of the blood pressure variation amplitudes were calculated. The amplitudes decreased significantly 10 minutes after cervicothoracic epidural block with 15 ml of 2% lidocaine solution (P < 0.05), and after infusion of 0.4 mg.kg-1 of phentolamine (P < 0.05). Since amplitudes of the blood pressure variation were reduced by adequate epidural block or phentolamine, they are likely to reflect sympathetic vasomotor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Efficacy of benzimidazole-type drugs on alveolar echinococcosis (AE)].

AE patients can be cured only by complete excision of the lesions. In Europe and the United States, however, benzimidazole-type drugs have been reported to be effective. We treated 37 patients (20 males and 17 females, mean age of 45.9 years) with mebendazole (MBZ) (n = 17) or albendazole (ABZ) (n = 20) according to the WHO chemotherapy protocol, and compared adverse reactions, drug concentrations, serological parameters, and measurable lesions by CT scan and/or X-ray examination. In the MBZ group, serological parameters were unaffected. One patient each had hepatic disorder and alopecia (12%), and 5 lesions in the liver and 3 in the lung gradually increased in size (105% in 1 year, 112% in 2 years), and showed NC (no response) in 6, PD (progressive disease) in 2. One case of released biliary obstruction were judged as PR (partial response) (Response rate: 11.1%). In the ABZ group, no adverse reactions were found and ELISA level decreased significantly in 10 out of 12 patients. One lesion in the liver, 3 in the lung, 1 in the chest wall and 1 in the retropancreatic region reduced in size significantly (Mean: 56%) (PR 3, NC 3; Response rate: 50.0%). ABZ was safer and more effective than MBZ.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Multiple neutralizing B-cell epitopes of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) identified by human monoclonal antibodies. A basis for the design of an HTLV-1 peptide vaccine.

We have generated 153 human mAb reacting with natural envelope glycoprotein-gp46 of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) by the EBV-transformation of B lymphocytes obtained from patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). Twenty-four of these mAb had neutralizing activity of HTLV-1 as determined by an HTLV-1-induced syncytium formation inhibition assay in vitro. The reactivity of these neutralizing mAb was studied by using 9 different synthetic peptides covering immunodominant regions of the gp46. Thirteen out of these 24 neutralizing mAb reacted with gp46 peptide 175-199, whereas one mAb reacted with gp46 213-236 and another one with gp46 288-317. The other 9 neutralizing mAb did not react with any of these peptides. Fine epitope mapping of the mAb reacting with gp46 peptide 175-199 revealed the presence of 4 distinct neutralizing B-cell epitopes on this region; (1)187-193, (2)191-196, (3)193-199, and (4) continuous conformational B-cell epitope. The competitive antibody-binding inhibition experiments by soluble phase synthetic peptides showed that the binding activity of these neutralizing mAb to the corresponding synthetic peptides is equal to or a little lower than that to native gp46 protein, suggesting that synthetic peptides can form structure very similar to the neutralizing epitopes on native gp46 protein. The present study is the first systematic demonstration of multiple neutralizing B-cell epitopes of HTLV-1 in human HTLV-1 infection. It would be possible to prepare a synthetic peptide vaccine against HTLV-1 based on these newly identified multiple linear neutralizing B-cell epitopes of HTLV-1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Increase of mannose residues, as Salmonella typhimurium-adhering factor, on the cecal mucosa of germ-free chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.

To study increase of the Salmonella population in the cecum of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, quantitative changes in mannose residues on the cecal mucosa were investigated. Inhibition of S typhimurium adherence to the cecum by a 2% carbohydrate (D-mannose, D-galactose, L-fucose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside) in phosphate-buffered saline solution was examined. Only D-mannose had inhibitory effects. Whereas, D-galactose had somewhat enhancing effects on adherence of S typhimurium to the cecal mucosa of uninfected germ-free chickens. In infected and uninfected chickens, D-mannose inhibited adherence of S typhimurium. D-Mannose significantly (P < 0.05) increased adherence of Bacteroides sp. In infected and uninfected chickens, D-mannose did not have any effect on adherence of Clostridium perfringens and Bifidobacterium thermophilum. Under microscopic observation, only concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin, of 8 lectins examined, were recognized as lectin-positive staining lines or spots in the cecal mucosa, indicating presence of mannose residues on the cecal mucosa. In E tenella-infected chickens, lectin-positive staining was seen strongly on the coarse surface of damaged cells and at the bottom of the crypts. These results indicate that coccidial infection may induce increase of mannose residues on the intestinal surface and allow adhesion of more salmonellae to the intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Identification of new epitopes recognized by human monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities specific for human T cell leukemia virus type 1.

We have generated a number of EBV-transformed B cell lines producing human mAb against human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) from the peripheral blood B lymphocytes obtained from patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Various synthetic peptides corresponding to antigenic regions of HTLV-1 gag and env proteins were used for the screening of antibodies in ELISA. In our study, four IgG mAb to the gag p19 amino acids 100 to 130, and 5 IgG mAb to the env p46 amino acids 175 to 199 were characterized. An immunofluorescence assay showed that all of these mAb specifically bound to the surface of HTLV-1-bearing cell lines. Among these mAb, one anti-gp46 mAb, designated KE36-11, neutralized the infectivity of HTLV-1 as determined by both the inhibition of HTLV-1-induced syncytium formation and transformation assays in vitro. An antibody-binding assay using overlapping oligopeptides revealed that KE36-11 recognized a new epitope locating between the gp46 amino acid sequence 187-193 (Ala-Pro-Pro-Leu-Leu-Pro-His). Another anti-gp46 mAb, designated KE36-7, showed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HTLV-1-bearing cell line. KE36-7 bound strongly to the 10-mer peptide-gp46 187-196, and weakly to peptides containing the gp46 amino acid sequence 191-196 (Leu-Pro-His-Ser-Asn-Leu). These two epitopes, which are associated with HTLV-1 neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, are thus the first epitopes identified in human HTLV-1 infection. It is possible that passive immunization of humans with these two human mAb are effective on the protection of HTLV-1 infection in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of oocysts, sporocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima in the digestive tract of chicken.

The distribution of oocysts, sporocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima in the digestive tract of chicken and in excreta was investigated. At 1 h after the oral inoculation of E. tenella oocysts, the number of sporocysts in the cecum was 3.4 x 10(6) and decreased gradually thereafter, and the number of sporozoites in the cecum increased and remained at a high level until 12 h after the inoculation. Small numbers of sporocysts and sporozoites of E. tenella were found in other intestinal sites. A great number of E. maxima sporozoites was found, especially in the jejunum, 2 h after the inoculation. The findings that the largest populations of sporozoites of E. tenella and E. maxima were found in the cecum and the jejunum, respectively, indicate that the site specificity of sporozoite invasion for each species is determined before the invasion takes place.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Influence of coccidiosis on Salmonella colonization in broiler chickens under floor-pen conditions.

The influence of coccidiosis on colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens under floor pen conditions was studied by semiquantitative methods. Chickens of two groups, unmedicated and medicated with nicarbazin (125 ppm via the feed), were exposed to three species of Eimeria (Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria acervulina) at 2, 3, and 4 wk of age and given S. typhimurium in the feed 2 days later. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated most often (100%) from ceca of chickens exposed at 3 wk of age. Birds in the unmedicated group were positive for S. typhimurium at a higher rate than those in the medicated group. Salmonella typhimurium was detected in livers only in a few unmedicated birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A study of urinary tegafur, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and uracil concentrations in the cases of gastric carcinoma for the confirmation of drug-taking compliance after UFT oral administration].

We have measured urinary tegafur (FT), 5-FU and uracil concentrations after UFT oral administration (300 mg daily for 7 days) to confirm drug-taking compliance in the 17 cases undergone gastrectomy. Urinary FT and 5-FU concentrations reached to the plateau 2 and 3 days after administration, respectively, and were maintained until the day after termination of administration. Subsequently, FT and 5-FU concentrations also decreased about 50% at 2 day, 20% at 3 day, 10% of the plateau values at 4 day after termination, respectively. The mean plateau value of urinary FT was 12.9 +/- 6.8 micrograms/dl, and that of urinary 5-FU was 0.67 +/- 0.50 microgram/dl. On the other hand, uracil concentration, was not different before and after administration because of the uracil being present endogenously. Therefore, it was suggested that measurement of urinary FT and 5-FU concentrations is useful for confirmation of UFT-taking compliance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Adhesion of bacteria to the cecal mucosal surface of conventional and germ-free chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.

When Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium perfringens were tested in conventional chickens, larger numbers of S typhimurium and C perfringens adhered to Eimeria tenella-infected ceca than to uninfected ceca. In germ-free chickens, S typhimurium and C perfringens adhered to the E tenella-infected cecal mucosa more than to the uninfected cecal mucosa, but fewer Bacteroides vulgatus and Bifidobacterium thermophilum adhered to the E tenella-infected ceca than to the uninfected ceca. Many bacteria adhered to the lesions caused by E tenella as observed by scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that infection with E tenella upsets the balance of competitive adherence of bacteria, allowing more colonization of S typhimurium and C perfringens.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of clopidol on sporulation and infectivity of Eimeria tenella oocysts.

Feed additive anticoccidials currently used in Japan were examined for possible effects on oocyst sporulation of Eimeria tenella. Monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid, amprolium plus ethpabate, amporolium plus ethopabate plus sulfaquinoxaline, clopidol, or nicarbazin were given to chickens continuously via the feed at the recommended use level or one-half of that level. Oocysts discharged in feces 7-8 days post inoculation (PI) were collected and aerated for sporulation. Low sporulation rate was noted, when clopidol at 62.5 mg kg-1 was given from 4 to 7 days PI. These oocysts were as infective as oocysts from controls, based on weight gain, feed efficiency, gross lesion score of cecae, and oocyst count 7 days PI. The results of the study indicated that the second schizogony and gametogony are vulnerable to clopidol, as evidenced by oocyst sporulation, but infectivity of these sporulated oocysts was not affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Population of Salmonella serovar typhimurium in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens with Escherichia coli and intestinal bacteria.

To test the interaction between various species of bacteria and Salmonella serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium), the population of S. typhimurium was measured in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens in the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and one of the four intestinal bacteria; Lactobacillus acidophilus. Clostridium perfringens, Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bacteroides vulgatus. Competitive exclusion of S. typhimurium by di-flora chicken was not demonstrated. But the population of S. typhimurium was temporarily suppressed in di-flora chickens with E. coli and L. acidophilus. In penta-flora chickens with E. coli and these four intestinal bacteria, the population of S. typhimurium was suppressed for only 2 days. In normalized chickens, the population of S. typhimurium was markedly suppressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The role of intestinal microflora on the prevention of Salmonella colonization in gnotobiotic chickens.

The possible role of the intestinal microflora in inhibiting the colonization of Salmonella in the ceca of gnotobiotic chickens was investigated. In the cecal contents of newly hatched (2-day-old) and adult normal (7-mo-old) chickens, a larger number of Escherichia coli and a smaller number of Lactobacillus sp. were noticed in 2-day-old chickens than in adult chickens. Gnotobiotic chickens treated with cecal contents from either newly hatched or adult birds were orally exposed to Salmonella typhimurium, and on the following day S. typhimurium in the ceca were counted. The adult microflora prevented S. typhimurium colonization more strongly than did the microflora of newly hatched chicks. Gnotobiotic chickens treated with E. coli, Lactobacillus sp., or the mixture of both organisms were orally inoculated with S. typhimurium. The mixture of both organisms suppressed S. typhimurium colonization most effectively, followed by E. coli alone and Lactobacillus sp. alone, Escherichia coli may play a role of competitive exclusion only in newly hatched chickens, whereas Lactobacillus sp. may have a partial role in adult chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Population of Salmonella typhimurium in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens.

To test the interaction of various species of bacteria with Salmonella typhimurium, levels of S. typhimurium were measured in the cecum of gnotobiotic chickens inoculated with various test bacteria and subsequently with S. typhimurium. The population of S. typhimurium was suppressed in the cecum of chickens previously inoculated with Escherichia coli. Populations of Bacteroides vulgatus, Clostridium perfringens, Bifidobacterium thermophilum, or Lactobacillus acidophilus were transiently, though not significantly, suppressed by S. typhimurium. Inoculation of chickens with C. perfringens caused a terminal increase in the population of S. typhimurium. Thus the effect of cecal contents on reducing the levels of S. typhimurium in the cecum may be due to the presence of E. coli in the cecal contents.

Animals↗