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Biomedical subjects

E Balish

Publications and source records attributed to E Balish.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Experimental Candida albicans infection in conventional mice and germfree rats.

Swiss-Webster white mice were intravenously infected with various doses of Candida albicans, and the viable units in their spleens, livers, lungs, and kidneys were determined at various intervals after challenge. The results showed that C. albicans multiplied to a greater extent in the kidneys of mice than in their spleens, lungs, or livers. The infection in mice was chronic; increasing numbers of C. albicans were observed in their kidneys until about 17 to 24 days postchallenge. Clearance of C. albicans from infected kidneys was not symmetrical, since the number of viable C. albicans in one kidney did not coincide with the viable counts observed in the opposite kidney of that same animal. Male and female mice did not differ in their overall susceptibility (50% lethal dose test) or in the number of viable C. albicans in the kidneys at various time intervals after infection. C. albicans also multiplied in the kidneys of germfree rats; however, the peak of the C. albicans infection in their kidneys occurred earlier than in those of conventional mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The importance of clostridia in experimental intestinal strangulation.

Hemorrhagic and ischemic strangulation of closed intestinal segments was sutdied in germ-free rats individually monocontaminated with one of eight separate species of clostridia. Ischemic strangulation was found to be as deadly as hemorrhagic strangulation in the presence of clostridia. Some clostridia were very toxic whereas others were relatively innocuous. The clostridia, ranked in the order of decreasing lethality, were: Clostridium perfringens type A, C. septicum, C. histolyticum, C. haemolyticum, C. bifermantans, C. sporogenes, C. tertium, and C. novyi type A. All species were readily established in the gastrointestinal tract of the nonoperated germ-free rat. The clostridia appear to be one of the most potentially lethal groups of organisms commonly found in the intestinal tract of human beings and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Blood and serum chemistry values of gnotobiotic beagles.

Several blood and serum chemistry values were serially determined over a 2-yr period on 17 purebred beagle dogs from the same closed, inbred colony. Seven of these dogs were germfree, and 10 had a conventional bacterial flora. Seven of those with a conventional flora were confined in germfree-type isolators; 3 were housed in a routine manner in a conventional animal facility. The germfree dogs were found to have significantly lower red blood cell, white blood cell, neutrophil, and band cell counts lower levels of alpha-2 and gamma globulins, and higher amounts of cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase than the 2 sets of conventional dogs. In most other respects, the blood and serum chemistry values of the germfree dogs were similar to those of the conventional dogs and to previously reported values for normal beagles.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Survival of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria on cotton swabs in three transport systems.

The capacity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to survive on cotton swabs placed into a dry gassed-out CO2-filled tube (DGT), dry sterile aerobic tube (DAT), and a tube containing a modified Stuarts' transport medium (MST), was assessed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased in numbers by 2 and 3 logs when stored in MST and DAT, respectively. The viability of P. aeruginosa, although retarded when compared to MSA and DAT, was not adversely affected by the CO2 environment in the DGT. The MST maintained relatively constant numbers of Streptococcus pyogenes during the 48-h storage period. The DAT and the DGT were unable to maintain the viability of S. pyogenes. Staphylococcus aureus, when stored in a DGT, DAT, or MST, was maintained in relatively constant numbers throughout the entire storage period. Of the four anaerobic bacteria evaluated (Bacteroides fragilis ssp. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides melaninogenicus ssp. asaccharolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius), only B. fragilis ssp. thetaiotamicron survived the 48-h storage period in the DGT. Under these test conditions the DGT did not adequately maintain the viability of the majority of anaerobic bacteria tested (when held on cotton swabs). However, the MST did maintain the viability of all species tested for at least the first 2 h of storage.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Intraoperative bacterial transmission.

A clinical evaluation of bacterial penetration through operating room gowns was made during 100 general surgical procedures. A comparison of the degree of penetration through the standard cloth and a commercially available disposible gown was carried out. Cloth gowns, even in the dry state, were shown to be ineffective bacterial barriers. In addition, routine laundering of scrub suits failed to eliminate pathogenic bacteria.

Alkenes↗
PubMed1974

Immunity to Candida albicans induced by Listeria monocytogenes.

Immunity to Candida albicans was studied in Swiss-Webster white female mice. Lethal and sublethal infections with C. albicans did not enhance immunity to a subsequent Listeria monocytogenes challenge. Mice sensitized to L. monocytogenes and then challenged with C. albicans intravenously were able to reduce the population of C. albicans in their kidneys after being boosted (rechallenged) with L. monocytogenes. However, the acquired cellular immunity so induced was very short-lived. Both C. albicans-sensitized and nonsensitized control mice showed an immediate-type and delayed-type skin test response to the cell wall antigen(s) of C. albicans but not to the cytoplasmic antigen(s). There did not appear to be any correlation between increase in skin test response and progression of the candida infection in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Chlamydospore production and germ-tube formation by auxotrophs of Candida albicans.

A prototrophic strain and 21 auxotrophic strains of Candida albicans were assessed for their capacity to produce chlamydospores and germ tubes. All of the mutants were able to produce germ-tubes in human serum but only two mutants produced them in defined medium with L-alpha-amino-n-butyric acid as the sole source of nitrogen. Most auxotrophs were not able to produce chlamydospores on corn meal agar with 1% Tween 80, but they could be induced to do so if the medium was supplemented with their growth requirement(s). Although L-cysteine was able to support the growth of two methionine mutants, it did not support chlamydospore formation when added to corn meal agar with 1% Tween 80. Mutants of C. albicans that do not form chlamydospores could be incorrectly identified in laboratories that rely on chlamydospore formation for identification.

Adenine↗
PubMed1972

Serum proteins of gnotobiotic rats.

Cellulose-acetate and agar gel immunoelectrophoresis were used to study the serum protein patterns of germfree rats before and after monoassociation with a pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus (phage type 80/81), Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Proteus vulgaris. All six bacteria quickly established themselves in the gastrointestinal tract of the germfree rat, and all six increased the animals' total serum proteins. Only S. aureus and P. aeruginosa caused a noticeable rise in gamma globulins. L. acidophilus, S. faecalis, and B. fragilis multiplied readily in the gastrointestinal tract but caused only minimal alterations in the serum proteins. P. vulgaris caused a marked increase in the alpha and beta, but not the gamma globulins.

Agglutinins↗