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Biomedical subjects

E Balzar

Publications and source records attributed to E Balzar.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Hemodialysis in children (author's transl)].

Long term hemodialysis and kidney transplantation has proved to be a very efficient method in the treatment of renal failure in childhood. Accordingly, the number of children treated by dialysis and transplantation in Europe is still increasing. At this time more than 1250 have been treated. As a result of recent studies, one to two children under the age of 15 years per one million population per one year reach the terminal stage of renal insufficiency. We performed our own informative study in 1975 to estimate the needs for dialysis facilities in Austria. Our results are in line with those of other projects. In view of the special childhood problems (growth, puberty, psychological problems, schooling etc.) there is a need for specialized pediatric centers which should include the facilities for nephrologic out- and in-patient treatment, a dialysis team consisting of a pediatrician, pediatric nurses, teacher, child psychologist, dietician and social worker. These enormous investments in apparature, personnel and organization are justified by the good results of survival and the reasonably normal life these children can lead.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

[Tubular involvement in glomerular diseases of the kidney (author's transl)].

An attempt is made in this study to provide an answer to the question whether glomerular diseases are accompanied by tubular disorders. The urinary lysozyme activity was determined by means of a turbidimetric assay method in 10 healthy children as controls, 10 patients with glomerulonephritis, 8 patients with Alport's syndrome (hereditary glomerulonephritis with deafness) and 12 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. In most of the cases a significant increase in urinary lysozyme excretion, indicative of tubular damage, was found and this finding correlates well with the tubular morphology of the patients.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Alpha-2-macroglobulin in children with glomerular diseases (author's transl)].

The serum and urine levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2-MG) was determined in 33 children with glomerular diseases and in 26 healthy control children. Healthy children showed a minimum level of 275 mg% and maximum level of 337 mg%, with a mean concentration of 301 mg% and a standard deviation of 13 mg%. No alpha2-MG was detected in the urine. Steroid-treated patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome displayed elevated inhibitor levels of up to 490 mg%. This might be a direct result of steroid therapy or a consequence of reactively-increased protein synthesis in response to the renal protein loss. In all these patients the urine was found to be alpha2-MG-negative, irrespective of the presence or absence of proteinuria. In the miscellaneous group of glomerulopathies without the nephrotic syndrome, serum levels of alpha2-MG were shown to be normal. The urinary concentrations of alpha2-MG were related to the activity of the disease. alpha2-MG determination in serum and urine seems to be a tool for differential diagnosis and prognosis in some cases of glomerular disease.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1976

[Alpha-1-antitrypsin in children with glomerular diseases (author's transl)].

Alpha-1-antitrypsin was determined in children with glomerular diseases by means of a quantitative radial immunodiffusion method. The concentration of this inhibiting protein has been found to be very low during relapses. An attempt has been made to correlate this finding with the clinical picture and the presumed underlying pathological mechanism. The loss of this inhibitor due to proteinuria is one of the explanations, in concurrence with the findings of other authors. The second explanation lies in the consumption of the inhibitor protein as a consequence of the reaction with liberated proteolytic enzymes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[The presence of cold agglutinins in hemolytic uremic syndrome (author's transl)].

A boy, 2 years old, developed a HUS after a pneumonitis. He was treated with Heparin, salicylates and recurrent peritoneal dialysis and recovered slowly. The course of the disease was complicated by myocarditis, gastric hemorrhage and severe neurologic disturbances. 7 days after unset of hemolysis a cold agglutinin titer of 1:256 was detected. This fact arises the question whether infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the presence of cold agglutinins in serum could be involved in the development of HUS. The possibility of a viral etiology for this disease is discussed.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1976

[Alport's-syndrome: diagnosis, light- and electronmicroscopic findings (author's transl)].

Alport's syndrome is a hereditary nephropathy with grave prognostic consequences. The occurrence of this disease is probably more frequent than was assumed until now - many cases are not immediately recognized as such. It is possible to make a clinical diagnosis from detailed family histories and through careful examinations of family members including audiometric tests. In the early stages of the disease children merely have recurrent macro- or microhematuria. Renal functional tests are normal and there is general well-being of the patient. Whereas the biopsy specimens examined by light microscopy show non-specific alterations, those examined under the electronmicroscope already show specific defects of the basement membrane. Our studies lead us to believe that these morphologic findings correspond with changes of the basement membrane, detectable by immunochemical investigations. 6 of 12 patients have been biopsied in recent time and the above cited typical changes of the basement membrane could be demonstrated. Therefore these investigations are recommended in Alport's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Validity of simple X-ray-techniques in misdiagnosed anorectal malformations (author's transl)].

One particular form of an anorectal malformation--the anterior perineal anus--is frequently overlooked in the neonate period because defecation is easy at this age. However, with the change of diet, this malformation as a rule leads to chronic constipation. The lateral view at the beginning of an irrigoscopy usually shows a characteristic picture of a horizontal caudal limitation of the rectum, a dorsal pouch, a beakshaped fistula and an elevation of the anorectal transition. These findings contribute essentially to the clinical diagnosis and permit early operation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

[Megacystis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ciclosporin monitoring in kidney-transplanted children: high-performance liquid chromatography versus radioimmunoassay.

Due to large individual differences in absorption, utilization and metabolism of the predominantly used drug ciclosporin (CsA) for selective immunosuppression in kidney graft recipients, therapeutic blood levels (immunosuppression/toxicity) can be maintained only by frequent measurements of the CsA concentrations in blood samples and dosage readjustments. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for native CsA and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for CsA and metabolites measuring simultaneously using both HPLC and RIA and creatinine serum levels (Crea) in whole blood samples from 19 kidney-transplanted children over a 3-year observation period. By comparison of the results of HPLC, RIA and Crea determinations (n = 1,284) we found a highly variable metabolization rate (RIA/HPLC ratio) of 5.25 +/- 2.33 (range 1.37-12.9). No direct correlation was found between changes in RIA/HPLC ratios and kidney function, rejection and infection periods. Dosage/HPLC and dosage/RIA showed no significant correlation. A higher correlation between HPLC, Crea and nephrotoxicity was found than between RIA and Crea. Because of rapid and large variations of CsA metabolization rates in young allograft recipients, we recommend measurements of CsA blood concentrations with any HPLC method specific for unchanged drug, since CsA metabolites detected by RIA, at least those which are most abundant, have less immunosuppressive and toxic effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neopterin and interferon gamma serum levels in renal allograft recipients.

In the follow-up of children receiving renal allografts the early differential diagnosis of infections and rejection episodes is the main problem. Serum levels of neopterin (N), a pteridine released from stimulated macrophages, was determined by radioimmunoassay. Also interferon-gamma (IF) serum levels, a marker of T lymphocyte activity, were determined with an immunoradiometric assay in 19 kidney-transplanted children. Both, infections and rejection episodes, are accompanied by distinct increases in N. The IF are elevated 1-3 days earlier than N, the median values during infections being significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) higher than those during rejection crises. The routine measurement of N and IF allow the simple, quick and reliable monitoring of the immune status, which seems to be of a high relevance for the daily monitoring of transplant recipients.

Adolescent↗