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Biomedical subjects

E Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to E Bennett.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Subspecies- and species-specific antigens of Leishmania mexicana characterized by monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies have been produced that are specific for the reference stocks of Leishmania mexicana species and subspecies L. mexicana mexicana(L11, M379), L. mexicana amazonensis (WR303, H6, LV72), and L. mexicana pifanoi (L20). The specificities of these antibodies were confirmed by analyses employing an indirect radioimmune binding assay and 107 stocks of New World Leishmania. The molecules associated with these species- and subspecies-specific determinants have been characterized by Western blot analysis and consist of mainly low m.w. (11,000 to 50,000) membrane-associated components.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Production and characterization of species-specific monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania donovani for immunodiagnosis.

Sixteen species-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced against membranes of Leishmania donovani. These antibodies only reacted with determinants present on L. donovani. No cross-reactions were found with any other species of Leishmania or with membranes of Trypanosoma cruzi. An extensive analysis of the binding specificities of selected antibodies was carried out by using whole promastigote homogenates as antigen. Monoclonal antibodies D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4 correctly identified all 44 L. donovani stocks from a cross-panel of 84 New and Old World Leishmania stocks. Antibodies D-1 and D-2 were also useful for species classification by immunofluorescence. No cross-reactions were observed with any other Leishmania species examined. Based on either Western blot and/or radioimmunoprecipitation analyses, five distinct groups of molecules associated with L. donovani-specific antigenic determinants were identified. These molecules range in m.w. from 18 to 84 kilodaltons. The antigenic molecules recognized by antibodies D-2, D-10, and D-13 are also recognized by antibodies present in sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). Kala-azar sera obtained from cases in both the Old and New World specifically compete with these monoclonal antibodies for the appropriate antigenic determinants in Western blot analysis. These monoclonal antibodies and/or the purified protein antigens may be useful in the development of a serologic assay for the clinical diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani and in epidemiologic studies of leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Intermittent positive pressure ventilation and high frequency ventilation in dogs with experimental bronchopleural fistulae.

This study evaluated respiratory and cardiovascular responses of canines in whom bilateral bronchopleural fistulae were created surgically, and in whom ventilation was varied between intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and high frequency ventilation (HFV). An Emerson prototype ventilator was used for HFV at rates of 300-1400/min at driving pressures of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 psi. Gas exchange was judged by arterial and mixed venous blood gases. Cardiac performance was measured by cardiac index, heart rate, stroke index, stroke work index, systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures and resistances. Ventilation during IPPV with the fistula open resulted in a statistically significant increase in PaCO2 and a decrease in PaO2 when compared to both HFV modes. Variations in cardiac function in these open-chested animals were insignificant for all variables tested except pulmonary artery pressures which rose significantly in the IPPV group.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

An evaluation of levamisole for treatment of ascariasis.

Levamisole (Decaris, Belgium) was tested in Iran, Brazil, and in Mississippi and Louisiana for its efficacy as a single-dose oral treatment for Ascaris infections. Subjects were children ages 2 to 15 years, and numbers treated with levamisole and comparative anthelmintics are as follows: 453 with levamisole; 461 with piperazine citrate; 17 with pyrantel pamoate; and 19 with a placebo. Cure rates and total reduction in mean egg counts observed were 92% and 98% respectively for levamisole and 66% and 90% for piperazine. Sixteen of 17 treated with pyrantel pamoate were cured. In none of the drugs were there notable side reactions, but in all four studies side effects were more frequent with piperazine than with levamisole. Levamisole was found to be a well-tolerated, highly effective single-dose ascaricide. It should prove to be particularly useful for mass chemotherapy in Ascaris control programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Interruption of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

In infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) hypoxemia inhibits closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow with subsequent increased hypoxemia. In an attempt to interrupt this cycle 42 consecutive premature infants with RDS and PDA, weighing between 550 and 2,000 gm (average, 1,383 gm) and with an average gestational age of 31 weeks, were arbitrarily treated either medically (13 patients) or by interruption of the PDA (20 patients). Eleven patients who were initially treated medically could not be weaned from the respirator and later underwent operation. There were no operative or anesthetic deaths; late survival was 65% (20 patients). The last 31 patients were randomly divided into operative and nonoperative groups. Preliminary results revealed no significant differences in late survival between the two groups. Since the operative risk is minimal, further investigative efforts are indicated to settle this issue.

Digoxin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autologous blood transfusions in children and young adults with low body weight undergoing spinal surgery.

The perioperative course of 118 patients weighing less than 45.5 kg (100.1 pounds) who participated in a predeposited autologous blood program from 1979-1984 is reviewed. Average age was 13 years 11 months (range 6 years 4 months to 20 years 4 months) and the average weight, 41 kg (range 30-45.4 kg). All underwent spinal surgery, 96% for scoliosis. The program involved preoperative donation of blood that was stored and subsequently retransfused to replace operative blood losses. Patients donated an average of 811 ml (range 208-1,320 ml) blood. Operation and hospitalization were completed by 63% without receiving any homologous blood, and the need for donor blood was reduced in the remaining 37%. Preoperative blood donation and retransfusion led to no significant complications. We describe an autologous blood transfusion program and show that autotransfusion is a safe and preferred method of blood replacement for children and young adults with low body weight undergoing elective surgery.

Adolescent↗