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Biomedical subjects

E Binder

Publications and source records attributed to E Binder.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Goals and strategies for teaching death and dying in medical schools.

Teaching medical students to respond to needs of the dying represents an important challenge for medical educators. This article describes the goals and objectives that should be identified before medical schools can meet this challenge, as well as strategies that, when implemented, will provide students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to meet the needs of the dying patients. The goals and objectives were identified through a modified group consensus process developed during Choice In Dying's 5-year project "Integrating Education on Care of the Dying into Medical Schools." The authors have diverse experiences and backgrounds and are actively involved in death and dying teaching at 11 medical schools. They conclude that after accepting the goals and objectives, key medical school faculty can work cooperatively to develop strategies to integrate them into the school's curriculum. Without first establishing a set of goals and objectives and developing evaluation methods, medical schools could miss their mark in fostering the student's ability to care for the dying.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Clinical findings in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Clinical observations, X-ray findings and results of laboratory tests were evaluated in 770 patients with allergic rhinitis. Anamnestic data and results of the allergological examination of these patients have been presented elsewhere (Holopainen et al., 1979b; Binder et al., 1982). Allergic symptoms were seasonal in 54.5% and perennial in 45.5% of the patients. Mucosal changes as seen on rhinoscopy were significantly more common among patients with perennial than among patients with seasonal rhinitis. Watery discharge was the most common nasal finding, observed in 90% of all patients. Nasal smears showed increased numbers of eosinophilic leucocytes in 70% of the cases. Relationships between the cellular population of the nasal secretion, other laboratory test results and clinical findings are described. X-ray examination revealed pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses in 53.4% of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ipratropium (Atrovent) in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis of elderly patients.

Ipratropium is a parasympatholytic agent with high topical activity. The effect of intranasal ipratropium was studied in 34 patients who were over 60 years of age and who suffered from chronic watery vasomotor rhinorrhoea. The study was a double-blind cross-over placebo controlled trial. Trial parameters were: daily nasal symptom and side effect scores, nasal methacholine testing before and after treatment, and clinical evaluation. The active drug clearly reduced nasal discharge. Nasal methacholine testing showed reduction of nasal secretion after the active treatment period. The majority of the patients preferred the active drug to the placebo. Excessive drying of the nasal mucosa was the most common side effect. Ipratropium seems to have a beneficial effect on vasomotor rhinitis, which often is an irritating condition in elderly patients.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

Astemizole in the treatment of hay fever.

A double-blind parallel trial of astemizole, pheniramine and placebo was carried out in 51 patients with hay fever. Astemizole is a new potent H1-antihistamine with long duration of action but devoid of central activity. Evaluation criteria were daily symptom- and side effect score cards, daily nasal peak flow measurements, clinical examination and blood tests. Control of nasal symptoms was significantly better with both antihistamines than with placebo. Tiredness and anticholinergic side effects were less common in the astemizole group than in the pheniramine group. No significant changes in the "safety evaluation" blood tests were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Anamnestic data in allergic rhinitis.

In a study of 770 patients with allergic rhinitis, anamnestic data were collected by means of a questionnaire. 484 (63%) of the patients were women and 286 (37%) men. 45.5% of the patients had perennial symptoms, 33.5% had seasonal symptoms only, and 21% had predominantly seasonal but also some perennial symptoms. More than 50% of the patients belonged to the age group 21-40 years. The seasonal group included significantly more young patients than the perennial group. More than 50% of the parents and about 45% of the siblings had some atopic disorder. About 20% of the rhinitis patients had a concomitant allergic disorder. Sneezing was the commonest complaint in both rhinitis groups, but it was significantly more frequent in patients with seasonal rhinitis. Nasal blockage, again, was significantly commoner in perennial rhinitis. More than half of the patients reported severest symptoms in the morning. 282 patients had some domestic animal or pet, and 34% of these developed symptoms when close to an animal. Hypersensitivity to animals was significantly more frequent in patients who had domestic animals or pets than in those who did not. There was a clear correlation in perennial allergic rhinitis between the duration of rhinitis and deterioration of the sense of smell.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential analysis of behavior and diazepam-induced alterations in C57BL/6N and BALB/c mice using the modified hole board test.

A variety of test procedures are used in preclinical research on behavioral pharmacology and to dissociate behavioral differences or pharmacologically induced behavioral alterations several independent tests are usually performed. In the present study we introduce a modified hole board procedure for mice which allows us to investigate a variety of behavioral parameters such as anxiety, risk assessment, exploration, locomotion, food-intake inhibition, novelty seeking, and arousal by using only one test. The modified hole board was established by investigating the behavior of two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6 and BALB. Significant differences in terms of locomotor activity, general exploration, and other parameters were found. Moreover, strain-specific exploration strategies could be detected in the modified hole board. Further, the test was validated by investigating the effects of diazepam as standard anxiolytic on the behavior in both mouse strains. Acute administration of diazepam (1 and 3 mg/kg) induced strong sedative effects in a dose-dependent manner in C57BL/6 mice. In BALB mice, the lower dosage of diazepam showed an activating and anxiolytic action while the 3 mg dosage revealed a slight sedative but still anxiolytic effect in these animals. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the modified hole board enables to differentially investigate behavioral phenotypes and also pharmacologically-induced behavioral alterations in mice. Therefore, this new strategy allows to reduce the number of experimental animals and the time needed, thus, representing an effective screening-tool for behavioral investigations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal reactions elicited by unilateral allergen challenge.

Nasal reactions to unilateral allergen provocation were studied separately in both nasal cavities of 9 subjects with established seasonal allergic rhinitis. Three tests with the same allergen at the same concentration were performed in the same cavity at 48-h intervals. The parameters observed were clinical symptoms, changes in nasal airway resistance on rhinomanometry, and amount, weight and histamine content of the collected secretion. Nasal obstruction increased significantly on the provoked side but not contralaterally. Secretion increased symmetrically but the histamine content rose only on the provoked side. No priming effect was observed. The results are compatible with the view that the release of histamine has a 2-fold effect. Histamine directly caused vasodilatation of capacitance vessels and capillaries, which resulted in obstruction on the provoked side, and indirectly the histamine release led to stimulation of sensory nerve endings, which by triggering parasympathetic reflexes caused rhinorrhea in both nasal halves.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanical effects on measuring displacement of the knee joint with the knee arthrometer KT1000 and KT2000].

The KT2000 knee ligament arthrometer manufactured by the MEDmetric Corporation is used in the field of orthopedics to establish quantitatively the size of the anterior and posterior draw phenomena of the knee joint. The basis for the measurement is the Lachman test in which a force is applied to the tibia relative to the femur. The resulting displacement is limited by the cruciate ligaments. The measurements obtained for a potentially injured knee are compared with those of the healthy knee and empirical threshold values, and serve as a basis for deciding whether to operate on patients with cruciate ligament insufficiency. The subject of the present study is a design shortcoming of the KT2000 that may falsify the measured results when the device is not correctly employed. A simple mechanical modification of the KT2000 can reduce this error. In the present study, the error is quantified and we show how the modification can keep it within tolerable limits.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗