[Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate with atypical presentation].
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
E Blanco
Publications and source records attributed to E Blanco.
Ultrastructural and morphometric changes in somatotropic cells following intraventricular administration of Met-enkephalin to rats.
An ultrastructural and morphometric study of Kurosumi et al. (1986) on type 1 GH cells in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, after the intraventricular administration of Met-enkephalin, with or without prior intraperitoneal administration of naloxone, was carried out and then compared to the same cellular type of untreated animals and of animals intraventricularly treated with distilled water, used as controls. The study demonstrated an increase of cellular (p < 0.05) and nuclear (p < 0.05) areas, an enlargement and dilation of the cisternae of the Golgi complex, with an increase in the Golgi area (p < 0.01) and the immature granules (p < 0.01); a greater development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the number of exocytosis (p < 0.01) and, only in male rats, an increase in the mature secretory granules (p < 0.01). The prior administration of naloxone prevented the appearance of these changes and also produced an increase (p < 0.01) of the organelles involved in the crinophagic phenomenon. These results suggest that the opioids play a modulating role, stimulating the synthesis and secretion of GH, which affects the ultrastructural features of the hypophyseal GH cells.
Animals↗
Combined TEM and SEM analysis of the rostral wall of the human III ventricle.
A combined morphological study using transmission and scanning electron microscopy was carried out on the central zone of the rostral wall of the III ventricle from a sample taken during the operation of a patient with a retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma. Under the scanning electron microscope, the apical cell wall of the ependymocytes generally appeared folded and lack in cilia, but with numerous microvilli developed to different extents. The flat surface cells were scarce and were polygonal in shape and limited by 3-7 prominent edges. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the existence of several types of ependymocytes and subependymal epithelial cells arranged in different layers; in both layers the presence of abundant neurofilaments and intercellular junctions was striking.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Weekly first-line chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer with cyclophosphamide and epirubicin.
Forty-six patients with metastatic breast cancer who had not received previous chemotherapy for advanced disease entered a phase II trial of weekly chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (250 mg/m2) + epirubicin (25 mg/m2) for 16 weeks. The overall response rate was 61% (95% confidence limits, 47-75%), with 10 complete and 17 partial responses. Toxicity was mild and confined to nausea and vomiting and asymptomatic neutropenia (except in 2 cases). Sixty-three per cent of patients had no side effects. Weekly cyclophosphamide + epirubicin is an active and nontoxic regimen for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have had no prior anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy.
Adult↗
Morphometrical variations of prolactin cells in response to prolonged and systemic administration of Met-enkephalin in female rats.
A stimulatory effect on prolactin secretion had been describe after acute and systemic administration of met-enkephalin, but the effects of this opioid after chronic administration has not been reported, and the response of mammotroph cells is not clear. As a complement to previous studies, a morphometric analysis (light and electron microscopy) was carried out on prolactin cells from female rats treated chronically with met-enkephalin. Clear features of cellular hyperactivity appeared after chronic and systemic administration of the opioid, and these persisted for two weeks. The changes consisted in increases of cellular, cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, volume and surface densities of the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the numbers of exocytotic figures. These morphological alterations were paralleled by an increase in serum prolactin levels as detected by RIA. It is concluded that the increase in the synthesis and secretory activity of prolactin cells following chronic and systemic administration of met-enkephalin is very similar to those observed after acute and intraventricular administration.
Analysis of Variance↗
Glial fibrillary acidic protein-like immunoreactive ependymal elements in the third ventricle of the rat. A study at different stages of development.
Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method a study was made of the cells immunoreactive to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) anti-serum in the ependyma of the third ventricle of the rat at different stages of growth. Most of the ependymal cells of the third ventricle were seen to be unreactive to this protein; however, it was sometimes possible to observe some GFAP-immunoreactive ependymocytes and occasionally other immunoreactive cellular types, such as tanycytes and supraependymal cells. Despite this, the most frequent localization of the elements immunoreactive to the protein adopted the shape of an immunoreactive subependymal band situated parallel to the ventricular wall. As the weights of the animals increased an increase in the elements immunoreactive to this protein could be observed in all the zones considered, there being no differences between the male and female animals.
Age Factors↗
Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with recombinant interferon alpha and fluorouracil: activity in liver metastasis.
A cohort of 35 patients with advanced colorectal cancer, not previously exposed to chemotherapy, were included in a phase II study exploring the combination of interferon-alpha, 9 MU subcutaneously three times weekly, and 5-fluorouracil 750 mg/m2/day during 5 consecutive days in continuous intravenous infusion followed with weekly bolus injection of fluorouracil 750 mg/m2. Of 33 cases evaluable for activity; 5 patients achieved partial response and 3 complete response for an overall response rate of 24% (95%; confidence limit 11-42%). Most of the responses were observed in liver metastases, response rate = 30% (95%; CL 13-53%), with little activity observed in other sites; response rate 3% (95%; CL 8-16%), p = .0006. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 16+ (range 1+ to 48+) and 21+ weeks (range 1+ to 52+). All patients were evaluable for analysis of toxicity. Severe mucositis and diarrhea, present in 14 patients were the limiting side effects. Two patients developed progressive renal toxicity and died. Weakness, myalgia, and nonneutropenic fever were observed frequently, one patient developed dementia. This combination is able to induce major responses in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, particularly in liver metastasis. Additional trials evaluating this approach are indicated.
Aged↗
Morphometric changes in GH-immunoreactive adenohypophyseal cells induced by intraventricular administration of colchicine to adult rats.
In order to elucidate whether the gender differences observed in the somatotropic cells of adult rats are mediated by hypothalamic neuropeptides, a morphometric analysis was made of the GH-immunoreactive cells of adult rats treated intraventricularly with colchicine. The morphometric and morphological findings obtained were correlated to the basal serum levels of GH at the time of sacrifice. Treatment with colchicine was seen to increase serum GH levels; this increase was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of the reaction of the GH-cells and, morphometrically, an increase in their size due to an increase in the nuclear area, but with no significant changes in the cytoplasmic area. The results suggest that in the absence of somatostatin and GRF the basal release of GH is elevated in a similar fashion in both sexes, in turn suggesting that gonadal steroids might act at hypothalamic level on the release of somatostatin and, indirectly, on the intracellular pool of GH and hormonal secretion.
Animals↗
Sex-specific response of the vasopressin-reacting neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus following chronic administration of met-enkephalin.
Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique, a morphometric study of the magnocellular neurons of the Paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus, reactive to specific anti-vasopressin rabbit serum, was made. Following systemic and chronic administration of met-enkephalin the number of immunoreactive neurons was higher, especially in females. Additionally, in the females, it was possible to observe an increase in the immunoreactivity and the presence of well-stained fibres. These findings suggest, especially in females, a blockage in the release of vasopressin, facilitating its immunocytochemical visualization.
Animals↗
Met-enkephalin induces fast synaptic plasticity of magnocellular neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus.
A morphometric-ultrastructural study was made of the supraoptic nucleus of rats of both sexes following central administration of met-enkephalin. Ten minutes after met-enkephalin treatment the number of axo-somatic synapses was significantly increased. This effect was more pronounced in female rats than in males and could be prevented by preceding administration of naloxone. Animals that received naloxone followed by met-enkephalin showed a dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum into a vesicular shape. Our results provide preliminary evidence for a fast remodeling of synaptic input to magnocellular hypothalamic neurons. It is likely that the known inhibitory action of opioids on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system is partly mediated by this plasticity.
Animals↗
Estrogenic modulation of met-enkephalin-induced prolactin secretion in rats.
In order to elucidate the possible role of estrogens in the sex-dependent modulation of met-enkephalin-induced prolactin secretion, and the cellular response at adenohypophyseal level, analyses of serum prolactin levels together with a morphometric study of prolactin-immunoreactive cells were carried out following intraventricular administration of the opioid to estrogen-primed male rats. Administration of the opioid led to an increase in the serum levels of the hormone and, morphometrically, a significant increase in the cellular, cytoplasmic and nuclear areas was observed. When naloxone was administered previously, the above, mentioned changes did not appear, and the values found were similar to those observed in the animals treated only with estrogens. The results suggest that the metenkephalin-induced prolactin secretion is modulated by the gonadal steroid environment.
Animals↗
Plasticity of the interface between oxytocin neurons and the vasculature in late pregnant rats: an ultrastructural morphometric study.
Increased numbers of oxytocin-immunoreactive perivascular neurons have been shown to occur in the preoptic region and lateral hypothalamus of female rats around parturition. In the present study, electronmicroscopical immunocytochemistry and morphometry were used to examine such perivascular oxytocinergic neurons as well as those in the classical magnocellular nuclei in late pregnant and lactating rats. In 22 d pregnant animals and in rats killed after 2 d of lactation, numerous oxytocinergic neurons were found in direct apposition to the outer basement membrane of arterioles, venules, and capillaries. The distance between immunoreactive neurons and blood vessels was significantly lower in these animals than in 9 d lactating rats and in ovariectomized controls. It is likely that, around parturition, oxytocinergic perivascular neurons are uncovered by active retraction of glial elements. This plasticity is perhaps facilitated by changing hormonal conditions around parturition. The observed changes seem to be transitory and might reflect altered secretory properties of perivascular oxytocinergic neurons.
Animals↗
Sexually dependent changes in rat somatotropic cells following bilateral adrenalectomy.
In order to elucidate the existence of gender-related variations in both growth hormone (GH) release and the activity of somatotropic cells following bilateral adrenalectomy, a morphometric analysis was performed on GH-immunoreactive cells from adult male and female rats after bilateral adrenalectomy, correlating the findings with the serum levels of the hormone. The results obtained were compared to those found in untreated animals. Bilateral adrenalectomy was seen to induce a decrease in serum GH levels (p less than 0.01) in male rats; this was accompanied by a significant decrease in cellular area (p less than 0.01), cytoplasmic area (p less than 0.05) and nuclear area (p less than 0.01) and by a decrease in the cytoplasmic immunoreaction intensity of GH cells. By contrast, the above-mentioned changes did not appear in the female rats. These results suggest that the action of glucocorticoids on the synthesis and release of GH depends on the sex of the animal.
Adrenalectomy↗
Morphometric study of the LH-immunoreactive gonadotrophic cells of rats following treatment with methoclopramide.
The LH-immunoreactive cells of the adult rat hypophysis were studied morphometrically after chronic treatment with methoclopramide. The morphological features of these cells showed modifications in both male and female rats, after treatment. Additionally, morphometric changes revealed a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in both cytoplasmic area, which was more evident in the female rats, and nuclear area, with respect to the normal and control animals. These findings suggest that chronic inhibition of the dopaminergic system in rats atrophies LH-immunoreactive gonadotrophic cells of rats.
Animals↗
Morphological and functional study of the GH-immunoreactive adenohypophyseal cells in ovariectomized rats.
In view of the existence of a different secretion pattern of growth hormone (GH) between male and female rats, the aim of the present study was to analyse the role played by ovarian steroid hormones in the modulation of such secretion. To do so, postpubertal female rats were ovariectomized and killed at 30 days after the operation. The basal serum levels of growth hormone together with cell area, cytoplasmic area and nuclear area of the hypophyseal somatotropic cells of normal and ovariectomized rats were compared. The results obtained show that ovariectomy induces a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the basal serum levels of GH, accompanied by an increase in cellular and cytoplasmic areas, with no significant differences in nuclear area. Ovariectomy was also accompanied by an increase in reaction intensity and the number of GH-immunoreactive cells (p less than 0.01). These findings point to the shift towards a masculine secretory and morphological pattern following ovariectomy and supports the hypothesis that ovarian steroids intervene in the establishment of a different pattern in females compared to males.
Animals↗
Morphometric changes of specific located vasopressin-reacting parvicellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat after adrenalectomy.
The morphological-morphometric consequences of bilateral adrenalectomy on vasopressin-reacting neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus were analyzed. Bilateral adrenalectomy led to a dramatic increase in the cellular area as well as the number of immunoreactive cells (when compared to those obtained in normal colchicine-treated animals) in the neurons located in the anterior, medial and periventricular parvicellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus. By contrast, no changes were observed in either the dorsal or lateral parvicellular subdivisions or in any of the magnocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus.
Adrenalectomy↗
Morphometric study of immunoreactive GH-cells of the adenohypophysis of rats treated with Met-enkephalin.
Morphological and morphometric changes were found in adenohypophyseal GH immunoreactive cells after intraventricular administration of Met-enkephalin to adult rats of both sexes. Morphologically, following Met-enkephalin treatment, the males showed cells stained intensely and homogeneously in their cytoplasm, while the females showed cells with a weaker degree of staining and a cytoplasm with a granular aspect; previous administration of naloxone prevented the changes observed in the males and intensified the reaction in the females. Morphometrically, in all the groups of animals studied, the males showed a greater cellular area than the females, accompanied by a decrease in the cytoplasmic area but without significant differences in the nuclear area. Met-enkephalin in both sexes produced an increase in cellular area, accompanied by a significant increase in the cytoplasmic area and, although less manifest, in the nuclear area. Neither kind of change appeared when naloxone was administered prior to Met-enkephalin treatment.
Animals↗
Morphofunctional study of mammotropic cells following intraventricular administration of met-enkephalin.
An ultrastructural and morphometric study was carried out on the adenohypophyseal mammotropic cells of rats treated intraventricularly with an acute dose (150 micrograms) of Met-enkephalin. In the female rats, clear features of cellular hyperactivity appeared after opioid administration. The changes affected the Golgi complex, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the mature and immature secretory granules and the images of exocytosis. Such changes did not appear when naloxone was administered before the opioid, and naloxone induced an increase in the numerical density of lysosomal dense bodies with lipoid inclusions. In the male animals, administration of an identical dose of Met-enkephalin caused only a few significant changes, similar to those observed in the controls. It is concluded that Met-enkephalin administered intraventricularly causes evident modifications in the mammotropic cells of female rats whereas such changes in the male animals are not significant.
Animals↗