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Biomedical subjects

E Bousquet

Publications and source records attributed to E Bousquet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tolerance and acceptability of 14 surgical and hygienic alcohol-based hand rubs.

Tests were performed under working practice conditions to measure the tolerance and acceptability of commercially available hand rubs with proven efficacy. The products were compared with those in current use at the Hospices Civils de Lyon for surgical hand disinfection (Sterillium) and hygienic hand disinfection (Purell) to obtain information for public sector purchases. The 12 test products were Alcogel H, Assanis Pro, Clinogel, Dermalcool, Manugel Plus, Manugel Plus NPC, Manurub Liquid, Manurub Gel, Purell 85, Spitacid, Spitagel and Sterillium Gel. They were tested from mid-November to mid-April over four periods of three weeks, separated by two-week intervals during which the customary product was re-introduced. Participation of hospital wards and theatres was voluntary. Skin dryness and irritation were scored before and after each test period. Acceptability and ease of use were assessed by means of a questionnaire. Among the eight surgical hand rubs, only Manurub Liquid, Manurub Gel and Manugel Plus NPC did not cause significantly more dryness and irritation than Sterillium. For the 10 hygienic hand rubs, differences were noted depending upon the test period. Overall, Assanis Pro, Clinogel, Purell 85 and Sterillium Gel did not cause significantly more dryness and irritation than Purell. However, over the (colder) first three test periods, Assanis Pro and Sterillium Gel caused more irritation and Purell 85 caused more dryness than Purell. Responses to the questionnaires on acceptability indicated that users preferred their customary hand rubs (Sterillium and Purell). As these field tests involving many participants did not identify any superior products, previous purchase orders were renewed.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2003

Synthesis and anti-measles virus activity of new isoquinolin-4-one derivatives.

Despite intense efforts to increase vaccine coverage, measles virus (MV) still causes significant morbidity and mortality in the world sometimes as a results of severe, chronic and lethal diseases. In an effort to develop therapies to supplement immunization strategies a number of 1-oxo-2-[[(1E)-phenylmethylene]amino]-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-measles activity. The substituents on the aromatic ring were chosen in order to evaluate the influence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating effects on the electronic density of the aromatic moiety. We also evaluated the introduction of a vinyl chain between the exocyclic nitrogen and phenyl moiety. The biological results allow to outline some preliminary considerations on structure-activity relationship.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of aliphatic amines in air samples by HPLC with electrochemical detection.

A method was developed for the analysis of primary aliphatic amines by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector. The electrochemical oxidation of aliphatic amines derivatized with 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde was investigated at porous graphite electrodes. The derivatization reactions were performed off-line, before the chromatographic separation. The compounds were separated on a reversed phase column with a methanol-acetonitrile-phosphate buffer and detected setting at an oxidation potential of +0.5 V. The influence of the mobile phase buffer concentration and pH on the detector response was also studied. The derivatization was shown to be quantitative and the response linear between 50 and 200 ng/ml. The method is sensitive, selective and could be applicable for the assay of volatile amines in the field of environmental toxicology and also for biological monitoring after occupational exposure.

Air↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis and binding affinity of cis-(-)- and cis-(+)-N-ethyleneamino-N-nordeoxymetazocine and cis-(-)-N-normetazocine analogues at sigma1, sigma2 and kappa opioid receptors.

The synthesis of cis-(+)- and cis-(-)-N-ethyleneamino-N-nordeoxymetazocine and cis-(-)-N-normetazocine analogues is described and their affinities to sigma1, sigma2 and kappa opioid receptors are evaluated. The cis-(+)-deoxy compounds displayed high sigma/kappa selectivity with nanomolar K(i) values for sigma1 receptors, whereas in the cis-(-)-N-normetazocine series the compound (-)-7b was found to bind with nanomolar affinity to the kappa opioid receptor (K(i)=21.5 nM). Compound (-)-7b showed good selectivity for the kappa opioid receptor in comparison to the sigma1 and sigma2 sites and to the mu and delta opioid receptors. A correlation of the binding affinities between cis-(-)- and cis-(+)-N-deoxynormetazocine derivatives show that both isomers of the deoxy analogs have similar sigma1 and sigma2 binding profiles as the cis-(+)-N-normetazocine derivatives.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Determination of bronopol in cosmetic products by HPLC with electrochemical detection.

A procedure is described for the assay of bronopol in cosmetics by HPLC coupled with constant-potential amperometric detection. Samples were analysed on an Alltima C18 column with methanol-phosphate buffer as the eluent and detected at a porous graphite electrode set at a reduction potential of -0.9 V. The recovery of bronopol from different cosmetic matrices was between 96.4 and 98.8% and the precision of the method was better than 4.5% relative standard deviation.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2001

[RS3PE syndrome: an acute edematous polyarthritis of the elderly with variable prognosis].

The RS3PE syndrome or subacute edematous polyarthritis of the elderly remains a doubtful entity. We report three cases that exhibited different courses: complete recovery, definite rheumatoid polyarthritis, and chronicity as a sign of myelodysplasic disease. These three different courses raise the question of whether RS3PE is a disease or a syndrome. Actually, the use of the term RS3PE syndrome should be restricted to cases with a favorable outcome. Definitive diagnosis thus cannot be reached before complete recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of doxycycline in feed for the control of pneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in fattening pigs.

A multicentre, controlled, randomised and blinded study was carried out in three French pig herds to assess the efficacy of doxycycline administered in the feed for the control of pneumonia. About 20 per cent of 363 pigs from the three fattening units were diseased at the start of the study. Pneumonic lesions were found on pigs examined postmortem and Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lungs of pigs in all the herds. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed either by detection in pneumonic lungs or by seroconversion in pigs sampled three weeks apart. P multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were isolated from 64 per cent, 50 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively, of 148 nasal swabs. The following variables were significantly different between the treated and untreated groups (P < or = 0.001): the incidence of diseased pigs during the three weeks from the start of treatment (8.1 per cent in treated group v 35.4 per cent in control group), mean daily weight gain over the same period (934 g/day in the treated group v 834 g/day in the control group) and the cure rate of pigs which were diseased at the start of treatment (73.5 per cent in treated group v 35.3 per cent in control group). These data demonstrate that an average dose of 11 mg doxycycline/kg bodyweight per day in feed for eight days was effective in controlling pneumonia due to P multocida and M hyopneumoniae in these fattening pigs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1998

Capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F: synthesis of the repeating unit.

A new and more versatile synthesis of beta-D-ManpNAc-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rhap, the trisaccharide repeating unit of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F capsular polysaccharide, is described. The present approach allows a simple access to different fragments containing the trisaccharide and the conjugation of the product(s) to a protein through the selective manipulation of the anomeric position at the reducing end and of the HO-4 function at the nonreducing end. The synthetic scheme shows an efficient application of the sulfoxide method for the stereoselective and high yielding formation of the glycosidic linkages.

Bacterial Capsules↗
PubMed1997

Comparative in vitro activity of doxycycline and oxytetracycline against porcine respiratory pathogens.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline and oxytetracycline were determined against 55 Pasteurella multocida strains, 59 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains and 26 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains isolated from the respiratory tract of pigs. An additional set of 76 P multocida strains isolated from pneumonic pigs was tested for their minimum inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline. The P multocida and A pleuropneumoniae strains were isolated in France and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by an agar dilution method. The M hyopneumoniae strains were isolated in the United Kingdom and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by a serial broth dilution method. All the strains tested were susceptible to doxycycline whereas 15 per cent of the P multocida strains and 22 per cent of the A pleuropneumoniae strains were resistant to oxytetracycline. Doxycycline concentrations inhibiting 90 per cent of strains were 1 microgram/ml for P multocida and 2 micrograms/ml for A pleuropneumoniae. The ratio of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline and oxytetracycline ranged between 1/1 and 1/4 for the oxytetracycline-susceptible strains and between 1/16 and 1/64 for the oxytetracycline-resistant strains. All the M hyopneumoniae strains were susceptible to doxycycline and oxytetracycline, the concentrations inhibiting 90 per cent of strains being 1 microgram/ml and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. These data confirm that doxycycline has a higher in vitro activity against pig respiratory pathogens than oxytetracycline.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1996

[Kikuchi syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis and lupus serology. Apropos of a case].

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) is an uncommon disease of the cervical lymph nodes occurring in young women, commonly associated with various auto-immune or infectious diseases. We describe the case of a 17 year-old girl who presented a Kikuchi's lymphadenitis occurring concomitantly with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and lupus serology as anti-nuclear, anti-DNA, anticardiolipid antibodies and hypocomplementemia. The patient was treated with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. Thirty months after, she is doing well and hydroxychloroquine is continued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis, physical properties, toxicological studies and bioavailability of L-pyroglutamic and L-glutamic acid esters of paracetamol as potentially useful prodrugs.

Paracetamol ester prodrugs with L-pyroglutamic and L-glutamic acid, biosynthetic precursors of glutathione, have been synthesized to reduce paracetamol hepatotoxicity and improve bioavailability. The toxicological studies of paracetamol esters show that only L-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-paracetamol carboxylate reduces toxicity after administration of an overdose. The glutathione hepatic values in mice obtained by intraperitoneal injection of the ester are superimposable on controls and the oral LD50 was found to be greater than 2000 mg kg-1 and the intraperitoneal LD50 was 1900 mg kg-1. These results taken together with hydrolysis and bioavailability data show that ester is a potential candidate as a prodrug of paracetamol.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1996

L-pyroglutamyl-L-tryptophan derivatives as potential drug carriers. II.: Permeation behaviour and stability in the gastro-intestinal tract.

The in vitro permeation behaviour of L-tryptophan (1). L-pyroglutamic acid (2), L-pyroglutamyl-L-tryptophan (3), and the corresponding ethyl ester derivatives (4, 5 and 6 respectively) was studied to collect the essential informations for oral administration of these molecules. Dipeptides 3 and 6 offer a potentially useful mean to facilitate diffusion across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enhance the rate of entry of drug molecules into the central nervous system (CNS). The transfer rate constants (Kd) from simulated gastro-intestinal juices to simulated plasma, throughout artificial wall lipid membranes, were defined. The Kd values suggested that the molecules are absorbed both in gastric and intestinal environments in about comparable amounts. Since peptide bonds are often rapidly broken down by enzymes of most biological fluids the enzymatic hydrolysis characteristics in natural gastro-intestinal environment were studied. While hydrolysis of the ester bond of 6 was about 12%, after 5 h no important hydrolysis was observed for peptide bond of 3 and 6.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Estrogens determination in urine by RP-HPLC with UV detection.

A new method for the determination of estrogens by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 380 nm is reported. The estrogens after extraction with Bond-Elut C18 cartridge were hydrolyzed, and derivatized with 7-chloro-4-nitro-1,3-benzoxadiazole in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether and K2CO3 and their derivatives were separated on a Hypersyl ODS 5 microns column with methanol-water (75:25 v/v) as the mobile phase. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method ranged from 2.1 to 3.2% and the average recovery was 98.1%.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

Bioavailability of two formulations of acetylsalicylic acid gums.

Bioavailability studies have been performed with ten healthy volunteers on different dosage forms of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in order to assess the bioavailability of two different ASA gums compared with commercial ASA tablets. The results of this study show that ASA is more readily absorbed and eliminated after administration of gum formulations than after administration of tablets, but the bioavailability obtained from the gums was lower than that observed from the tablets.

Adult↗