Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Boyle.
This study reports that education effects but not skin color effects were associated with blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in a cohort of Black females in Charleston, South Carolina, observed over the period 1960-1975. The authors suggest that skin color may be a secondary (non-causal) associate of blood pressure in Blacks.
Comparison of cotton wool and sponge-induced granulomas in the rat showed that collagen contents were very similar despite the different pattern of granuloma formation. There was significantly less variation of individual results in the sponge. Although collagen accounted for less than 10% of the dry weight, there was a positive correlation between the 2 parameters in both models of 9 days but only in the pellet at 15 days. Hydrocortisone treatment significantly decreased dry weight and collagen content. There was rapid cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in the sponge granuloma from Day 5, reaching a peak between the ninth and twelfth day, when DNA levels dropped and collagen increased more slowly to plateau by Day 15. Day 9 was chosen as the most suitable stage to study drug effects. Dexamethasone significantly decreased collagen synthesis whereas indomethacin and phenylbutazone did not. Soluble collagen levels were increased with beta-amino-propionitrile and d-penicillamine; a dose-related effect was obtained with d-penicillamine.
Previous anatomic studies of the effects of cyclocryotherapy have produced confusing results because of variations in technique and instrumentation. Five eyes from three patients treated by a standard technique were compared to the eyes of rhesus monkeys that received identical treatment. The monkeys were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously 30 minutes before enucleation. Hemorrhage, edema, and epithelial disruption were characteristic of the acute lesions. Later, the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium disappeared, but by two months, normal morphology was restored. Normal peroxidase flow reappeared at a similar time. Anatomic changes in the human and monkey eyes were similar.
Dietary Cr deficiency may cause the aging-related Cr depletion observed in humans. Such depletion, when it occurs with excessive consumption of sugar and other carbohydrates, may result in glucose intolerance, glycosuria, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. These metabolic disorders could explain why athero-sclerotic diseases are endemic to most Western industrial societies. This review detailed significant current research and findings on the manifestations of Cr deficiency in humans and animal models.
It has been hypothesized that genetic factors, as manifested by skin color, play in important role in the genesis of hypertension among Blacks. A community-based study was carried out in Charleston Country, South Carolina to test this hypothesis. The results of a ten year follow-up study suggest that social class and age were more consistently associated with the incidence of hypertension and levels of blood pressure. The association of hypertension with skin color was minimal and substantially less than that of social class. The incidence rate of hypertension (larger than or equal to 90 mm Hg) was three to four times greater when the study participants were of low social class than when they had higher social class scores at the beginning of this study. In contrast, the incidence rate was only 1.5 times higher for dark than for lighter skinned men, and the rates were almost identical when social class was comparable. Similar results energed when blood pressure was treated as a continuous variable; blood pressure levels and pressure changes over time were consistently and significantly (p less than .01) higher in those Blacks categorized as low social class, controlling for skin color.
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The ability of several non-steroidal acidic anti-inflammatory drugs to cause ulceration when given as copper complexes has been examined. The damage caused by clopirac, niflumic acid and aspirin was virtually abolished when they were given as copper complexes whereas the damage caused by indomethacin, ketoprofen and (+)-naproxen was unaltered. The lack of ulceration with three of these preparations appeared to be correlated with a much reduced ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis as determined using an in vitro enzyme system.
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Seventy-four men and women (age range, 44-77 years) were tested for short-term auditory and visual memory as part of a larger series of memory and cognitive function tests. All test scores for visual memory, including facial photograph recognition when a sequence requirement was adhered to, showed a significant decline (p smaller than .05) in a comparison of subjects aged 44-54 and subjects aged 55-64. This decline was not observed with the two tests of auditory memory. Thus the data indicate that short-term visual memory may be more susceptible to aging than is auditory memory.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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Domestic violence is a pervasive problem for women, and depression is the most prevalent negative mental health consequence of domestic violence. This study investigates the extent to which domestic violence is part of the history of women diagnosed with depression. Eighty two women with a diagnosis of depression were surveyed. A 61.0% lifetime prevalence of domestic violence was found. Lifetime prevalence for forced sex was 29.3%. Demographics of abused and nonabused women were not significantly different. Abused women were found to be less healthy. Prevalence of headaches, chronic pain, rape or marital rape, and sleep problems or nightmares were significantly higher. Severity of abuse was significantly correlated (p < .01) to severity of depression. Implications for mental health practice and training of peer support group leaders for women with depression are described, as well as directions for future research.
Standard treatment for venous thromboembolism is parenteral heparin followed by warfarin. In this study we assess whether a standardized method of ordering warfarin reduces the duration of hospitalization. Consecutive patients were randomized to receive warfarin managed by attending physicians or by a nomogram. Patients were stratified according to primary or secondary venous thromboembolism. Prothrombin times were measured daily and heparin was given for a minimum of 5 days and stopped when the International Normalized Ratio was >1.9. Patients were followed for 3 months. There were 111 patients, 80 with primary and 31 with secondary venous thromboembolism. Overall there were no differences between the two warfarin groups with respect to length of admission. Given the prolonged duration of admission in many patients with secondary venous thromboembolism, a subset analysis was conducted on the 80 patients with primary venous thromboembolism. Patients in the standard group stayed significantly longer than patients in the nomogram group (6.0 vs. 5.6 days, p = 0.02). The warfarin nomogram as tested is safe and leads to a significantly shorter length of stay for patients with primary venous thromboembolism as compared to standard practice.
Quantitative radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) in serum has been used to evaluate the gestational status of 99 normal early pregnancies in contrast to 29 ectopic, threatened, aborted and/or terminated cases. Quantitative measurement of serum B-hCG-RIA standardized against the second international standard (2dIS) accurately established age of normal pregnancies in utero up to but not after three weeks postconception and with an accuracy of plus or minus four days between the third and eighth week of gestation. Quantitative urinary hCG-RIA standardized against the 2dIS were not useful for gestational aging. Useful serum hCG-RIA were identically linear and parallel with the 2dIS, had negligible crossreactivity with LH, FSH and/or TSH, and had low nonspecific binding. Of 13 hCG-RIA evaluated, only assays having these latter characteristics were able to detect ectopic pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, and/or threatened pregnancies with up to 90 percent accuracy. However, some assays not standardized to the 2dIS gave over 200 percent error in hCG serum values. Thus, correct choice of quantitative B-hCG reagents is necessary for early pregnancy assessment.