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Biomedical subjects

E Braunstein

Publications and source records attributed to E Braunstein.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gut expression and regulation of FAT/CD36: possible role in fatty acid transport in rat enterocytes.

Fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 is one of several putative plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins; however, its role in intestinal absorption of LCFA is unknown. We hypothesized that FAT/CD36 would be differentially expressed along the longitudinal axis of the gut and during intestinal development, suggesting specificity of function. We found that intestinal mucosal FAT/CD36 mRNA levels varied by anatomic location along the longitudinal gut axis: stomach 45 +/- 7, duodenum 173 +/- 29, jejunum 238 +/- 17, ileum 117 +/- 14, and colon 9 +/- 1% (means +/- SE with 18S mRNA as control). FAT/CD36 protein levels were also higher in proximal compared with distal intestinal mucosa. Mucosal FAT/CD36 mRNA was also regulated during intestinal maturation, with a fourfold increase from neonatal to adult animals. In addition, FAT/CD36 mRNA levels and enterocyte LCFA uptake were rapidly downregulated by intraduodenal oleate infusion. These findings suggest that FAT/CD36 plays a role in the uptake of LCFA by small intestinal enterocytes. This may have important implications in understanding fatty acid absorption in human physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of osteoarthritis in the lumbar spine and hip on bone mineral density and diagnosis of osteoporosis in elderly men and women.

To determine in the elderly the effect of osteoarthritis on bone mineral density (BMD) and on diagnosis of osteoporosis, lumbar spine and hip were radiographed and BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 120 men and 314 women, aged 60-99 years. Prevalence and severity of osteoarthritis were scored on osteophytes, joint space narrowing and bone sclerosis. Ultrasound measurements were also made at the heel to examine whether osteoarthritis at hip or lumbar spine influence bone at this remote site. Osteophytes were the commonest feature, with men having a higher prevalence than women, and lumbar spine having more disease than hip. Lumbar spine osteophytes affected 75% of men and 61.1% of women, and hip osteophytes affected 31.7% of men and 27.4% of women. Stepwise multiple regression analysis using age, weight, height, osteophytes, sclerosis and joint space narrowing indicated that lumbar osteophytes explained 16.6% of variation in lumbar spine BMD in women, and 22.4% in men. Hip osteophytes had a minimal effect on hip BMD, accounting for only 2.2% of variation in women, and none in men. Sclerosis and joint narrowing had little effect on BMD at lumbar spine or hip. Indirect effects of osteoarthritis on BMD were small and inconsistent across genders. Lumbar spine osteophytes in men explained 3.1% of hip BMD variation and 6% of variation in speed of sound at the heel, whereas hip osteophytes in women explained 2.2% of lumbar spine BMD variation. Osteoporosis at the hip, defined as BMD < 2.5 SD of the young normal mean, was present in 33.1% of women and 25.8% of men, whereas, at the lumbar spine it was present in only 24.2% of women and 4.2% of men. However, in women and men free of spinal osteoarthritis, 37.7% of women and 10% of men had osteoporosis. We conclude that lumbar spine osteophytes affect most subjects over the age of 60 years, and contribute substantially to lumbar spine BMD measured in the anteroposterior position by DXA. The effect is largely direct by virtue of osteophytes being included in the BMD measurement. However, a small indirect effect on remote skeletal sites is also present. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk in the elderly should be based on hip BMD and not on anteroposterior lumbar spine, unless spinal osteoarthritis has been excluded.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Computed arthrotomography of the shoulder: comparison of examinations made with internal and external rotation of the humerus.

We assessed the best positioning of the humerus for CT scans obtained after air-contrast shoulder arthrography by performing 54 examinations with both external and internal rotation of the humerus. Of the 30 abnormalities of the anterior portion of the labrum, 27 (90%) were identified on the scans obtained with the arm in internal rotation. The other three (10%) were shown best or solely on the scans obtained with the arm in external rotation. All 22 abnormalities of the anterior capsule were shown on the scans obtained with internal rotation. In no case were scans obtained in external rotation superior. Five posterior labral and capsule abnormalities were found; two of them were identified best or only on scans obtained with external rotation. The other three were shown equally well with the arm in either position. The results show that a modest (9%) increase in diagnostic yield can be expected when CT scans obtained with the arm in external rotation are added to studies performed solely with the arm internally rotated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hereditary symphalangism. Association with osteoarthritis.

A pedigree is described with 5 generations affected by hereditary symphalangism of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands. In the proposita, osteoarthritis was present proximal and distal to the symphalangitic segment, possibly due to altered mechanical forces in these joints.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Musculoskeletal symptoms related to arthropathy in patients receiving dialysis.

We evaluated musculoskeletal complaints related to arthropathy in 28 patients with end stage renal failure receiving maintenance dialysis. Twenty-three of 28 patients had arthritic complaints and 14 had an arthropathy. Six of 14 patients with arthropathy had a pattern resembling calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, 4 patients had moderately severe osteoarthritis, 3 had calcific periarthritis, and 1 patient had acute arthritis with intermittent pain and swelling. Factors which predispose to metabolic arthropathies were observed as follows: 29% elevated ferritin; 39% history of hyperparathyroidism; 68% elevated parathormone; 54% hyperphosphatemia; 36% hypercalcemia, 29% HLA haplotypes A3, B7, or B14; and 60% hyperaluminemia. The arthropathy group had more abnormalities per patient (mean 3.6) than the group without arthropathy (mean 2.7) (p less than 0.05). Our data suggest that (1) arthritic complaints occur frequently in patients receiving dialysis; (2) arthropathy accounted for 61% of the complaints; (3) 43% of patients with arthropathy had CPPD-type; (4) renal osteodystrophy caused 17% of arthritic complaints; and (5) in patients receiving dialysis, there is a high incidence of metabolic abnormalities that are known to be associated with arthropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Discordance for ankylosing spondylitis in a B27 negative monozygotic twin.

A case in which only one sibling of an identical, HLA-B27 negative, twin pairing is affected by ankylosing spondylitis is reported. While endogenous variables may predispose certain populations to ankylosing spondylitis, the discordance illustrated in these seronegative monozygotic twins indicates that exogenous factors may certainly influence the development and course of this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Femoral neck erosions: sign of hip joint synovial disease.

Pathologic synovial processes in the hip joint can cause characteristic extrinsic erosions of the femoral neck, which in extreme cases produce an "apple core" appearance. Nine such cases of synovial diseases, including synovial osteochondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and amyloidosis, that demonstrate this radiographic finding are presented. The anatomic relations of the hip joint that result in this appearance, differential diagnosis, and radiographic techniques useful in diagnosis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Periosteal bone apposition in chondroblastoma.

Periosteal bone apposition in chondroblastoma of long bones is more frequent than generally recognized. This should not cause confusion in differential diagnosis. The findings does not seem to have prognostic significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum arising in a villous adenoma.

Duodenal villous adenomas are premalignant lesions. Prior to malignant transformation, their appearance on upper gastrointestinal examination is often characteristic. Following malignant change, the final diagnosis frequently requires tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of knee hyaline cartilage and intraarticular pathology.

Injuries to the hyaline cartilage of the knee joint are difficult to diagnose without invasive techniques. Even though these defects may be the most important prognostic factors in assessing knee joint injury, they are usually not diagnosed until arthrotomy or arthroscopy. Once injuries to hyaline cartilage are found and/or treated, no technique exists to follow these over time. Plain radiographs, arthrograms, and even computed tomography fail to detail most hyaline cartilage defects. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate five fresh frozen cadaver limbs and 10 patients whose pathology was known from arthrotomy or arthroscopic examination. Using a 0.35 Tesla superconducting magnet and spin-echo imaging technique with a head coil, we found that intraarticular fluid or air helped to delineate hyaline cartilage pathology. The multiplane capability of MRI proved to be excellent in detailing small (3 mm or more) defects on the femoral condyles and patellar surface. Cruciate ligaments were best visualized on sagittal oblique projections while meniscal pathology was best seen on true sagittal and coronal projections. MRI shows great promise in providing a noninvasive technique of evaluating hyaline cartilage defects, their response to treatment, and detailed anatomical information about cruciate ligaments and menisci.

Adolescent↗