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Biomedical subjects

E Buchanan

Publications and source records attributed to E Buchanan.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Intracellular cytokine production by fetal and adult monocytes.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: In light of the neonate's increased susceptibility to systemic infection, the authors hypothesized that adult and fetal monocytes have different cytokine expression profiles in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and interleukin (IL)-11, a counter-inflammatory cytokine. METHODS: Samples of cord blood (n = 30) and adult blood (n = 30) were obtained and treated as follows: control (baseline expression), LPS exposure, and IL-11 or IL-11+LPS exposure. After incubation with a protein transport inhibitor, mononuclear cells were stained for intracellular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Each sample was then analyzed by flow cytometry for cytokine expression. Cytokine production was measured by the percent positive as well as the fluorescence index for each cytokine. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Students t tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Baseline levels of IL-8 were significantly higher for fetal monocytes (P <.0001). After LPS exposure, fetal monocytes produced less TNF-alpha (P =.0105) and more IL-8 (P <.0007) relative to adult cells. IL-11 treatment reduced baseline production of IL-8 in fetal and adult monocytes (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neonatal monocytes portray a different cytokine expression profile compared with adult monocytes. IL-11 treatment appears to alter the IL-8 expression of resting fetal and adult monocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Home enteral feeding of children in the west of Scotland.

Home enteral feeding (HEF) is increasingly used to achieve positive energy and nitrogen balance in children with chronic disease outside hospital. It should be considered when oral feeding cannot or should not be used, and when nutritional support is the sole reason for hospitalisation. In the West of Scotland 156 children (80 male, 76 female) cared for by the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow received HEF between 1st September 1994 and 1995. They ranged in age from 0 months to 23 years. Indications for HEF were cystic fibrosis (21), cerebral palsy (17), other neurological disease (29), congenital/metabolic abnormalities (23), chronic renal failure (17), neoplastic disease (17), gastrointestinal/hepatic' disease (12), failure-to-thrive (10), and cardiorespiratory disease (10). Most children received feeds by nasogastric tube (59%) or gastrostomy (41%). One child had a jejunostomy. Feeding regimens were continuous infusion (52%), bolus feeding along (26%), and a combination of bolus and infusion (22%). 73% of patients had infusion pumps. Duration of HEF ranged from one month to 12 years. 78% of children received standard infant or enteral feeds, some receiving energy supplements. The remainder received 'disease-specific' or other special feeds. There was a 23% increase in the number of children receiving HEF during the year of the study. HEF represents an affective way of improving the nutritional status of children with chronic disease at home. It frees hospital beds and nursing resources, is well accepted by children and their families and is growing rapidly as an alternative to hospitalisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intensive enteral feeding in advanced cirrhosis: reversal of malnutrition without precipitation of hepatic encephalopathy.

Ten children with advanced cirrhosis and malnutrition (less than 90% weight for height) were fed for eight weeks with a nasogastric feed comprising whey protein (enriched with branched chain amino acids), fat as 34% medium chain and 66% long chain triglycerides, and glucose polymer. Six of the children were studied for an eight week control period before feeding. Weight, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area, and fasting plasma ammonia and amino acid concentrations were measured before and after the control period and after the consequent feed period. Results showed that despite high energy and protein intakes the children remained malnourished over the control period. All anthropometric indices improved significantly during the feed period, and no child developed clinical encephalopathy. The feed period was associated with a small, and not clinically significant, increase in the plasma ammonia concentration, but no consistent trend in the plasma amino acid concentrations. Thus, in children with advanced hepatobiliary disease awaiting liver transplantation, enteral feeding improved nutritional status without adverse clinical or biochemical effects.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

The effects of a pectin-supplemented elemental diet in a boy with short gut syndrome.

The effect of a pectin-supplemented diet in short gut syndrome was investigated in a 3-year-old boy. Nitrogen absorption was higher and stomach-to-anus transit time was prolonged during pectin supplementation of the enteral feed. Pectin supplementation had no adverse effects on electrolyte balance or glucose absorption. These data indicate that pectin supplementation of enteral feed may enhance nitrogen absorption and seems not to adversely affect absorption in short gut syndrome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative assessment of psychologic state of patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia: response to caloric stimulus.

Hospitalized patients with anorexia nervosa (N = 17) or bulimia (N = 11) were given a standard liquid meal containing 400 calories. Using analogue scales, bulimic patients were found to have greater anxiety, lower mood, lower sexual arousal, and more fear of fatness than either control or anorectic patients. This finding of increased general "dysphoria" in bulimic patients persisted after the meal without any significant premeal to postmeal changes. Anorectic patients also differed from controls, but less than the bulimic patients. Some measures of anxiety correlated significantly with body mass index before the meal in bulimic patients, whereas in anorectic patients the correlation was significant only after the meal.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1982

The development of an adopted child recovering from severe malnutrition. Case report.

The growth and developmental level (DQ) of a child who was in hospital with severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) at nine months of age and was subsequently exposed to a greatly improved environment are described. The child was a subject in a longitudinal study, and his progress is compared with that of 16 other children recovering from severe PEM who continued to live in poor homes. All children had regular developmental assessments over five years and their growth was measured. The study child showed dramatic improvements in DQ, and at five years was over two standard deviations above the mean score of the other group. Compared with the other children, he improved more in weight but remained similar in height.

Adoption↗
PubMed1977

The identification of infants at risk of malnutrition in Kingston, Jamaica.

A longitudinal study was carried out on the growth, health and environment of Kingston infants from birth to 1 year of age. In an attempt to identify children at risk of malnutrition, the records of all the children in the 10th percentile for weight at 12 months of age were examined to determine whether they differed in their health, care or social background from the remaining children. Small birth weight children tended to remain in the 10 percentile. High birth order, poor standard of housing, incompetent mothers, repeated attacks of gastroenteritis, poor clinic attendance and poor milk intake were all significantly associated with being underweight at 12 months of age. These factors were inter-related, and the more factors present in each child the smaller the child tended to be. It was hoped that identifying the presence of these factors may assist field workers to give priority to the children most at risk of malnutrition. The need for home visiting in the delivery of health care is highlighted.

Body Weight↗