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Biomedical subjects

E C Albertse

Publications and source records attributed to E C Albertse.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

A multidimensional weight-management program for women.

Real and imagined overweight and obesity, and resulting weight-reduction efforts, are associated with the development of a variety of health problems and eating disorders. For many years, research and practice in the field of weight management have been based largely on a unidimensional, simplistic, weight-loss paradigm. The long-term success rate for persons using this paradigm has been low. This article presents a multidimensional paradigm that focuses on all aspects of the prevention, treatment, and management of weight-related problems. The goal is to stimulate a shift from the unidimensional to a more multidimensional approach in weight-management interventions. The paradigm presents weight management as a continuum on which 5 prominent points are identified: formulation of reasonable weight goals, prevention of unnecessary weight; gain or loss, weight loss when necessary, prevention of relapse, and acceptance of an overweight/obese physique when necessary. The intrapersonal characteristics and skills associated with this continuum, namely, self-esteem, body image, self-efficacy, locus of control, motivation, stress management, problem solving and decision making, and assertiveness, as well as the role of stage of change and environmental influences on weight management, are examined. Issues concerning the different dimensions of the paradigm are discussed as are challenges and applications for researchers and practitioners in the field of weight management.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1996

Body fat distribution as a risk factor for osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the body fat distribution of patients with osteoporosis (OP) with that of an appropriately matched non-OP control group. DESIGN: Case control study. SETTING: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tygerberg Hospital. Participants. A total of 56 patients with histologically proven idiopathic OP, of whom 39 were women (mean age 61 +/- 11 years) and 17 men (49 +/- 15 years), were compared with 125 age- and sex-matched non-OP (confirmed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) subjects, 98 women (60 +/- 11 years) and 27 men (51 +/- 16 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric data, including weight, height, skinfold measurements, mid-upper arm, waist and hip circumferences, as well as elbow breadth. RESULTS: The men and women with OP were significantly shorter (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03 respectively) and of lower body mass (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02 respectively) than the control subjects, although their mean body mass indices were comparable. The OP population had significantly lower skinfold, elbow breadth and arm circumference values, although the majority of subjects in both groups fell within the 15-85th percentiles. Despite their lower body mass, both the OP women (P = 0.009) and men (P = 0.002) had significantly higher waist/hip ratios than corresponding controls. CONCLUSION: Whatever the underlying pathogenesis, this new finding suggests that, should these results be confirmed by larger studies, OP can be added to the list of diseases associated with a waist fat distribution.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Supplemented low-protein diets--are they superior in chronic renal failure?

Twenty-two patients with chronic renal failure were randomly assigned to a conventional low-protein diet containing 0.6 g protein/kg/day or a very-low-protein diet containing 0.4 g protein/kg/day supplemented with essential amino acids; they were followed up for 9 months. There were no significant changes in body mass index, arm muscle area, percentage body fat, serum albumin and transferrin levels in any of the groups; neither was there any difference between the groups in respect of these parameters. Renal function, as measured by the reciprocal of serum creatinine over time, stabilised in both groups during intervention, with no significant difference between the groups. There was however no correlation between changes in renal function and changes in blood pressure, or dietary intake of protein, phosphorus, cholesterol, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. There were also no significant changes and no significant differences between the groups in serum levels of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, urine cyclic adenosine monophosphate, tubular reabsorption of phosphate, and the theoretical renal threshold for phosphate. The results of this study suggest that the supplemented very-low-protein diet was not superior to the conventional low-protein diet in terms of its effect on protein-energy status, renal function and biochemical parameters of renal osteodystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis in a South African population. A prospective analysis.

Despite the vast number of risk factors that apparently predispose to the development of osteoporosis (OP), they have not been accurately identified and given relative priority. In order to analyse possible risk factors prospectively in a local patient population with overt OP (histomorphometrically confirmed and characterised) and compare it with an appropriately matched non-OP control group (with normal bone mass on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), a detailed general history, risk factor analysis, dietary history and anthropometric data were obtained from 56 OP and 125 non-OP subjects. In females a positive family history of OP (P = 0.002), a fair complexion (P = 0.009), lower body mass (P = 0.02) and height (P = 0.03), no breast-feeding of babies (P = 0.006), a history of smoking (P = 0.001) and fat distribution around the waist (P = 0.009) were identified as risk factors. In males lack of exercise (P = 0.008), a history of smoking (P = 0.01), lower body mass (P = 0.04) and height (P = 0.04), a preference for salty food (P = 0.02) and fat distribution around the waist (P = 0.002) appeared to predispose. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, protein and caffeine intakes were similar in OP and control subjects, but alcohol consumption was clearly higher in both OP males (P = 0.001) and females (P = 0.01).

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of the diets of 12-year-old children in Cape Town.

As very few data are available regarding the nutrient intake of South African children, a dietary survey was conducted among 843 12-year-old children in Cape Town. Trained interviewers used a 24-hour-recall questionnaire developed for this purpose, inserting the quantity and types of foods consumed during different periods of the day on both a weekday and Sunday. The intake of carbohydrate, protein and fat was always greatest for white males and lowest for black males. This difference was emphasized by the high weekday energy intake of white boys (10 577 kJ), in contrast with the low energy intake of the black boys (6 457 kJ). The findings on kilojoule, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fibre content of the diets of these subjects are presented.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

Protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, diaphragm, and heart of diabetic rats.

Rates of protein synthesis were measured in several muscle types in young streptozotocin-diabetic rats at different times after withdrawal of insulin therapy. Protein synthesis decreased in all types of muscle studied. In muscles with a substantial proportion of fast-twitch fibers (gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus), this decline was associated with falls in both protein synthesis-to-RNA and RNA-to-protein ratio, but in soleus and heart the effect could be explained entirely in terms of decreased ribosome concentration. Rates of protein degradation were calculated for heart, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius muscle from the changes in protein synthesis and protein content and were found in all cases to be elevated by 4 days of insulin withdrawal. However, measurements of protein synthesis and protein mass in the gastrocnemius muscle of a group of chronically diabetic rats indicated that in this condition, unlike in acute diabetes, the rate of protein degradation was depressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Protein turnover in tissues of diabetic rats.

Rates of protein breakdown in tissues of diabetic rats were estimated by measuring the rates of protein synthesis and growth of protein mass. Measurements were made after withdrawal of insulin from streptozotocin diabetic rats that had been maintained with daily insulin injections. In muscle of the control (insulin treated) rats there was rapid catch up growth associated with increased protein synthesis and decreased breakdown. Insulin withdrawal resulted in a loss of protein, a decreased rate of synthesis and an elevated rate of breakdown. In the liver of the insulin withdrawn rats there was an immediate loss of protein associated with reduced synthesis and increased breakdown, but after two days the protein loss ceased and breakdown was also depressed. The response of kidney to insulin withdrawal was an increase in protein mass, brought about entirely by an inhibition of proteolysis.

Animals↗