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E C Hall

Publications and source records attributed to E C Hall.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Standardized viral hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. II. Description and statistical evaluation.

Standardized hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition procedures are described and statistically evaluated for all animal viruses where applicable, except for rubella and the arbovirus group. The standardized tests employ a constant phosphate-buffered saline diluent and constant volumes of serum, antigen, and standardized erythrocyte suspension. The standardized hemagglutination test has a reproducibility of 84 to 96% with adenoviruses, rubeola, and the myxoviruses, and 78 to 93% with reoviruses; the standardized hemagglutination-inhibition test has a reproducibility of 95 to 100% with all viruses tested.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1969

Properties of the Hong Kong influenza virus. Antigenic relationship of the Hong Kong virus haemagglutinin to that of other human influenza A viruses.

The magnitude of antigenic change of the Hong Kong strains from the earlier influenza A2 strains was compared with previous antigenic changes among the type A viruses. Representative type A strains recovered from man during the years 1933 through 1969 were examined by reciprocal haemagglutination-inhibition, neutralization and neuraminidase-inhibition tests, using antisera produced in chickens. Phenograms or "family trees" were constructed, using numerical taxonomic methods based on cluster analysis of similarity coefficients. By the use of numerical taxonomic methods the inequality of the antigenic relationships among presently recognized classes becomes evident. Antigenic dissimilarities between A0 and A1 strains seen in phenograms constructed from reciprocal haemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests were of lower magnitude than dissimilarities between A1 and A2 strains and should not be given equal emphasis. The degree of antigenic dissimilarity between the Hong Kong-like strains and the early A2 strains was even less than that between A0 and A1.The authors stress the need for a new system for identifying and classifying human influenza A strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fixational ocular motor control is plastic despite visual deprivation.

The aim of this study was to assess the plasticity of human voluntary fixational eye movement control in relation to visual experience/chronic visual deprivation. Twelve blind adults participated (self-reported vision < or = light perception in each eye; age range = 23-56 years; visual experience range = 0-28 years; blindness duration range = 6-55 years). Infrared-based recordings of horizontal eye movements were made before, during, and immediately after three 30-s periods of auditory ocular motor feedback, while participants were instructed to look straight ahead and keep their eyes as steady as possible. Percent change in horizontal displacement of the eye during and after feedback was compared with the no-feedback baseline. Eleven of the 12 individuals demonstrated feedback-mediated increase in eye stability, which improved as a function of visual experience. Improved eye stability was inversely related to duration of blindness. Clearly, blind adults can use nonvisual external feedback to stabilize gaze. Thus, the fixational subsystem can exhibit improved voluntary control despite chronic visual deprivation. Possible cortical and subcortical mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗