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Biomedical subjects

E C Jansen

Publications and source records attributed to E C Jansen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Postural stability before and after hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on postural stability in healthy volunteers. The study was performed in accordance with treatment protocols for divers' decompression sickness and carbon monoxide poisoning. METHODS: Twenty-one healthy male divers, aged 31 +/- 6.88 years (mean +/- SD), were tested with quantitative Romberg's test before and after HBO (90 min in a pressure chamber at an ambient pressure of 253 kPa, approximately 15 m of sea water, breathing pure oxygen). The quantitative Romberg's test is a calculation of the average sway for 50 s. RESULTS: No difference was found between sway before and after the HBO (P < 0.05), i.e. we were unable to show that the results of quantitative Romberg's test are affected by HBO. Thus, the quantitative Romberg's test may be a valuable tool in evaluating patients with decompressions sickness, carbon monoxide intoxication and other neurological diseases normally treated with HBO.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Biochemical markers for brain damage after carbon monoxide poisoning.

BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with high mortality and a substantial risk for brain damage in survivors. Evidence for acute brain dysfunction may be obtained by measuring concentrations of suitable biochemical markers. We hypothesized that increased serum concentrations of Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100beta protein could be detected after carbon monoxide poisoning and that the concentration would correlate with the severity of intoxication. METHODS: Prospective non-interventional study in the university hospital. We included 20 patients admitted for hyperbaric treatment due to carbon monoxide poisoning. Serum levels of NSE and S-100beta protein were measured in all patients on admission and after 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. As a control group, we included 20 patients who underwent elective hyperbaric treatment. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of NSE and S-100beta protein were not significantly different from the controls, with median values at admission being 10.6 vs. 9.7 microg l(-1) and 0.15 vs. 0.13 microg l(-1), respectively (P = 0.82 and P = 0.38). The concentrations did not change significantly during the sampling period. We were unable to show any significant relation to level of consciousness. CONCLUSION: Blood concentrations of NSE and S-100beta protein were not significantly increased after carbon monoxide poisoning and do not seem to be related to a history of unconsciousness.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diameter variations of retinal blood vessels during and after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen.

AIMS: To quantify retinal vascular change during and after hyperbaric oxygenation (HO) for 6x5 weekly 90 minute treatments. METHODS: Fundus photographs were taken before, during, and after HO at 2.5 atmospheres absolute pressure (ATA) on days 1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 29, and 30 of treatment on three patients using a specially developed hand held ophthalmoscope with a digital colour camera. Blood vessel diameter was estimated on red free retinal images. The mean of three measurements of arterioles and venoles close to the optic disc was calculated. Consistency and repeatability of the method was verified by estimating the diameter of the vessels by three measurements in each of seven images taken within 70 seconds on the same person. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was conducted to ascertain whether significant intergroup differences existed. RESULTS: Breathing 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA constricts retinal arterioles by 9.6% (standard deviation 0.3%) and venoles by 20.6% (SD 0.3%) of their size in air at ambient pressure. Constriction escalates during treatment. Ten minutes after the HO, arterioles dilate to 94.5% (SD 0.3%) and venoles to 89.0% (SD 0.3%) of their primary size. This pattern is the same for each day of measurement. Heart frequency falls continually during HO. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures stay constant. CONCLUSION: Exposure to hyperbaric oxygen causes constriction of the retinal vessels. It is found that this constriction is constant through the series of treatments. This suggests that oxygen or products thereof are responsible for the vascular changes during and after hyperbaric oxygenation probably through autoregulation of the retinal vessels.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Isobutyl-nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia; treatment with an exchange blood transfusion during hyperbaric oxygenation.

A young man was accidentally intoxicated with isobutyl nitrite by a threefold lethal dose. Due to nitrites' ability to change hemoglobine into methemoglobine the patient showed signs of severe hypoxia, which could not be treated by conventional means. Therefore the patient was rapidly transferred to a hyperbaric chamber. The patient was treated with pure oxygen at 283 kPa under which a blood exchange transfusion was performed. The patient fully recovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and pulmonary function.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment exposes the lungs to the potentially toxic effect of free oxygen radicals and may lead to impairment of pulmonary function. HBO2 significantly improves wound healing in patients with osteoradionecrosis of the mandible following radiation therapy for intraoral cancer. In 18 consecutive patients with osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, pulmonary function was assessed during 6 wk of HBO2 treatment, applied daily in a monoplace chamber for 90 min and at a partial oxygen pressure of 2.4 atm abs. Pretreatment forced vital capacity (FVC) was 104 +/- 14% (mean +/- SD) of a reference population, the 1 s forced expiratory volume (FEV1) 95 +/- 20%, total lung capacity (TLC) 100 +/- 13%, and the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DL(CO)) 81 +/- 17% (P < 0.05, compared to reference population). These parameters remained unchanged throughout the treatment period (after 6 wk and expressed relative to the percentage of the expected value at baseline): deltaFVC: +4 +/- 8%; deltaFEV1: -2 +/- 4%; deltaTLC: +2 +/- 5%; deltaDL(CO): 0 +/- 9%; deltaRV 0 +/- 11%. It is concluded that intermittent HBO2 treatment in a monoplace chamber has no persistent effect on pulmonary function and can be offered even to patients with a reduced diffusing capacity.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Anesthesiologic aspects of multiorgan donation].

As of July 1990 brain death was legally recognized in Denmark thereby rendering transplantation of heart, liver and lung possible. Brain death donors are usually treated in neurosurgical or anaesthetic intensive care units. The staff of these units influence the number of donors and also the quality of organs donated. Physiological factors pertinent to brain death donors and pre- and peroperative donor therapy in relation to multiorgan procurement are discussed from the viewpoint of the anaesthetist. Symptomatic therapy aimed at optimizing and maintaining organ function is employed; thus continuing intensive care. Sympathetic and somatic reflex responses to surgical stimulation are to be anticipated, often necessitating analgesics to blunt haemodynamic responses and neuromuscular blocking agents to inhibit movements and/or rigidity.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1990

Postural stability during long-term treatment of cancer patients with epidural opioids.

Ten cancer patients treated with stable doses of epidural opioids were tested for postural stability. The postural stability was measured using a quantitative Romberg's test, performed on a computerized force-plate system. Sway tendencies in the sagittal and the transverse directions were recorded. The postural stability of the patients was compared with values obtained from healthy controls. Comparing the cancer patients with the controls, postural stability in eight out of ten patients was intact. The study suggests that long-term epidural opioid treatment has little influence on the patient's ability to stand safely.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Measurements of pressure on the sole of the foot in plaster of Paris casts on the lower leg.

Pressure on the sole of the foot inside three different types of plaster cast, used in treatment of fracture of the lower leg, was measured on six normal persons. No significant difference was found between these pressures in below-knee plaster, full length plaster including the thigh and patellar-tendon-bearing plaster. Only occasionally a relief in pressure was found in patellar-tendon-bearing plasters.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Postural stability by foot-to-ground force measurement.

The present study was made in an attempt to provide methods which by use of foot-to-ground forces were able to measure gait and postural stability parameters in a form apt for clinical use. The present study is based on 7 publications on the methods and results of gait analysis and 6 previously published studies on postural stability and one study using both methods. The present study is a more extensive description of the methods applied. The gait analysis is performed on an instrumented treadmill measuring continuous ground reaction forces for each foot separately. The advantage of the system is an extensive description of gait. The temporal factors, gait unsafety or ataxia is determined, and by the use of the Laws of Newton, the external positive and negative work is calculated for each foot. A material on normal gait has been published. Studies of gait describe improvement after a neurosurgical intervention as well as the influence of intake of alcohol on gait. The postural stability is measured by calculation of the average variations in the centre of the feet's pressure on a force plate. The advantage compared to previous studies is that one figure is considered a sufficient expression of the postural stability. A material of normal persons have been established and sequent studies have shown informative concerning the influence of various drugs and surgical interventions on the postural stability. The developed methods provide objective data permitting further basic studies. Applied studies should be done within the specialties of orthopedics, anaesthesia, neurosurgery, neurology and as part of search for effects and side-effects in pharmacology.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Gait analysis before and after osteotomy for hallux valgus.

Twenty-one female patients with bunions were treated by Mitchell osteotomy. Nineteen had clinically excellent or good results. This included no pain on walking, normal ambulation, and improved appearance. Two patients were dissatisfied. By using an instrumented treadmill the gait function was tested before and a median of 6 1/2 months after operation. No significant improvements or losses were found in a large series of gait parameters. The benefits of operation were not due to an improved gait function and other factors must have influenced the final result.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Motor disturbances in normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Special reference to stance and gait.

Motor disturbances in 16 patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus were assessed by quantitative registration of handwriting, fine movements of the hand, hand tremor, postural instability, and gait. Tremor intensity was measured using an accelerometer and electronic integration of the accelerometer curves. Postural instability was measured on a computer-assisted force-plate, and computerized analysis of gait was made using an instrumented treadmill. Severe disturbances in motor performance in the upper extremities and postural stability were found. The gait of the hydrocephalic patients was characterized by a very low speed, short steps, ataxia (especially in the vertical direction), and high energy consumption. After shunt operation, significant improvement was found in motor performance in the upper extremities and postural stability, and gait ataxia decreased in all patients to values within the 95% confidence interval of age-matched controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Body sway in below-knee amputees.

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that below-knee amputees have less standing stability than normal persons. Twenty below-knee amputees were tested with the quantified Romberg test. All amputees below 59 years and all women above 59 years had a decreased sway compared with matched control groups of normal persons. Amputated men above 59 years did not show any difference in sway compared with the matched control group. Presuming that small sway excursions can be interpreted as a stable standing position, the study shows that a well fitted PTB-amputee stands at least as safely as a normal person.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gait analysis after intake of increasing amounts of alcohol.

The ability to walk after intake of increasing amounts of alcohol was studied. Sixteen normal persons were tested on a computer-assisted treadmill. Ataxia or unsteadiness of gait was found to decrease during a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of less than 0.4 mg/ml. Stride length was found to increase by increasing BAC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pain-reducing effect of self-taming suxamethonium.

The effect was evaluated of a small "self-taming" dose of suxamethonium (0.1 mg/kg) on fasciculations and postoperative muscle pain following a normal intubating dose of suxamethonium (1.0 mg/kg). Forty outpatients undergoing bronchoscopy were randomly allocated to pretreatment with either sodium chloride or suxamethonium 0.1 mg/kg. The pretreatment dose was followed in 60 s by suxamethonium 1.0 mg/kg. Visual rating and mechanical registration of muscle fasciculations were done separately. Muscle pain was found in 74% and in 26% of the patients following pretreatment with sodium chloride and suxamethonium 0.1 mg/kg, respectively (P less than 0.01). No significant relationship was found between pain and muscle fasciculations. It is concluded that self-taming with suxamethonium has a marked pain-reducing effect; and this technique may be used as an alternative to pretreatment with a non-depolarizing relaxant.

Adult↗