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Biomedical subjects

E C Klatt

Publications and source records attributed to E C Klatt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Opportunistic intraocular infections in AIDS.

In conclusion, this clinicopathologic study has shown that CMV ocular infection is present in about 16% of terminal AIDS patients. The treatment of CMV retinitis reduces the number of CMV-infected nonocular organs and may also lessen the severity and control the spread of concurrent nonocular infection, both of which may prolong survival in AIDS patients. Other opportunistic infections, involving primarily the choroid, were also seen in a number of patients, some of whom had concurrent intraocular infections with CMV and P carinii, M avium-intracellulare, C neoformans. In addition, all of these choroidal infections were components of disseminated infection, underscoring the increasingly important role of the ophthalmologist in the diagnosis and treatment of disseminated opportunistic infections in AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Pseudallescheria boydii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Pulmonary and renal infection developed in a 44-year-old Hispanic man due to the fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. Pseudallescheria boydii has been associated with cutaneous infection known as mycetoma but occurs very infrequently in extracutaneous sites. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of P boydii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the first case with pulmonary and/or renal involvement.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Pathology of pentamidine-induced pancreatitis.

Extensive acute necrotizing pancreatitis occurred in three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had received both aerosolized pentamidine as prophylaxis and intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The clinical manifestations along with gross and microscopic pathologic findings at autopsy are presented.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Voice-activated dictation for autopsy pathology.

Dictation with report preparation using computer-aided voice recognition software and hardware is described for use in autopsy pathology. The system utilizes standardized modular fill-in forms that automatically generate preprogrammed text when key descriptive phrases or words are spoken, and it can be trained to recognize the voice of individual operators. The system has the potential for reducing personnel time in dictation and transcription, increasing accuracy of reports, and encouraging uniformity with completeness through adherence to built-in standard forms.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1991

A simple histochemical technique for the identification of gunshot residue.

Alizarin red S (ARS) is a commonly used organic dye useful in the histologic identification of calcium deposits. ARS also forms colored reaction products with other metal ions, including barium and lead, which are present in primer residue. In histochemical studies, ARS is shown to identify primer residues from several manufacturers as well as primer residue deposited in tissue, either experimentally or in close-range gunshot wounds. This can be easily accomplished with routine histologic techniques. ARS does not stain gunpowder residue, tattoo pigment, melanin, graphite, india ink, or anthracotic pigment.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1990

Cardiac metastases.

The authors found metastases to the heart in 10.7% of 1029 autopsy cases in which a malignant neoplasm was diagnosed. The lung was the commonest primary site (36.4%) and adenocarcinoma was the most frequent cell type (36.4%) of neoplasms metastatic to heart. Nonepithelial tumors accounted for 22.7% of cardiac metastases. Epicardium was involved in 75.5% of metastatic lesions and a pericardial effusion was present with 33.7% of epicardial metastases. Although hemorrhagic effusions occurred in only 12 cases with metastases to heart, these represented 76.4% of all such effusions. Lymphomas associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome showed the most extensive cardiac involvement. Primary sites and cell types of cardiac metastases have evolved over time and have been modified by chemotherapy, increased survival of cancer patients, increasing incidence of lung carcinoma, and recently by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic.

Female↗
PubMed1990

AIDS and infection control in forensic investigation.

Infection control in the workplace is becoming an increasingly important issue, not only for health care workers, but also for any workers who could potentially be exposed to infectious material. We discuss the nature, modes of transmission, and infectivity of important infectious agents likely to be encountered in the course of forensic investigations. We provide principles and guidelines for appropriate procedures and practices to be followed in a program of infection control.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Visceral and nodal calcification in patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii infection.

Clinical and radiologic findings in nine patients with AIDS and disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy (five patients) and by biopsy (two patients). All nine had a history of P. carinii pneumonia. CT showed parenchymal calcifications in the spleen (seven patients), liver (six patients), kidneys (six patients), abdominal lymph nodes (three patients), adrenal glands (two patients), and mediastinal lymph nodes (one patient). Multiple punctate calcifications in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and/or adrenal glands were visible on plain films in three patients. Sonography showed diffuse tiny echogenic foci without shadowing in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. In one patient, CT showed multiple hypodense lesions in the spleen. P. carinii infection should be included in the differential diagnosis when calcifications or focal lesions are detected at one or more extrapulmonary sites in an immunodeficient patient, even if there is no history or evidence of P. carinii pneumonia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Causes of death in hospitalized intravenous drug abusers.

The authors reviewed at autopsy the causes of death of 274 patients with evidence of intravenous drug abuse who had been admitted to a large public hospital. There were 127 who died from diseases unrelated to intravenous drug abuse, and in 41% of these, chronic alcoholism was implicated. Deaths from overdose syndromes and drug-related organ pathology comprised only 11% of all cases. The mean age at death was 39 years. There was a male/female ratio of 3.6:1. Half of all patients died from infection--72 from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) alone. These findings indicate that persons hospitalized with a history of intravenous drug abuse usually die from causes other than overdose and that AIDS and chronic alcoholism are significant problems. Emphasis should be placed upon detecting "hidden" intravenous drug deaths to provide more accurate statistical information.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

Cardiac valve prostheses at autopsy.

We describe the pathologic findings at autopsy in 96 persons who had undergone prosthetic heart valve implantation. The most common indication for implantation was rheumatic heart disease (58%), followed by infective endocarditis (22%). Cardiac failure led to death in two thirds of the cases, most often from infective endocarditis (18%) and congestive heart failure (13%). Failure of the prosthetic valve caused death in eight cases. There were 13 deaths intraoperatively or in the immediate postoperative period. Patients with mechanical prostheses survived longer than did those with bioprostheses. The most common prosthesis-related complication was thrombosis, found in 23% of mechanical valves and 11% of bioprostheses. Thrombosis led to death in only 4 cases. Thromboembolic phenomena led to nine deaths and were not related to anticoagulant therapy. These findings provide an approach to investigation, description, and diagnosis of prosthetic heart valves at autopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Splenic vein thrombosis in patients with acute pancreatitis.

We performed a retrospective autopsy case-control study to identify clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis associated with splenic vein thrombosis. Age, sex, spleen weight, presence or absence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and pancreatic pseudocyst were not associated with splenic vein thrombosis. Patients with peak serum amylase over 10,000 U/L were at high risk for splenic vein thrombosis. We conclude that, of the factors examined, only the peak serum amylase may be of value in diagnosing splenic vein thrombosis in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

AIDS and the heart.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infection by polymerase chain reaction in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An autopsy study.

Fixed autopsy tissues from nine patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were assayed for the presence of HIV provirus and/or cytomegalovirus by the polymerase chain reaction. The HIV provirus was detected in lymphoid tissues from all nine patients. With nonlymphoid tissue, HIV was detected 32% (9/28) of tissues with chronic inflammation and in 7% (4/57) of tissues without chronic inflammation. Cytomegalovirus was detected in tissues from six of the nine patients, often in the absence of inclusions, and was most often detected in the adrenal gland and lung. Widely disseminated cytomegalovirus infection was present in three patients with characteristic cytomegalovirus inclusions. A similar pattern of widely disseminated HIV was not identified. These studies correlate histologic features with the presence of specific viral sequences in HIV-infected patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Death certification. Purposes, procedures, and pitfalls.

Completing a death certificate properly and promptly is an important duty for physicians, who must understand how the death certificate is used and be able to recognize and employ the concepts of immediate, underlying, and contributing causes of death. Accurate, concise terminology should be used to give in a logical order a sequence of events leading to death. Avoiding mistakes in death certification helps reduce potential medicolegal problems and provides more meaningful statistics for health care personnel.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1989

Postmortem enzyme immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus.

The reliability of postmortem enzyme immunoassay testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was assessed in blood and vitreous humor. Vitreous humor tested up to 34 hours post mortem and blood tested at least 58 days post mortem were consistently repeatedly positive for HIV antibody in patients with histopathologic criteria and premortem HIV test results that satisfied the Centers for Disease Control definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There were no false-negative results in serum specimens, although one third of vitreous specimens that were tested 34 hours or more post mortem were negative in patients with AIDS. There were no false-positive results in control specimens from patients at autopsy without evidence of AIDS, despite prolonged postmortem intervals producing hemolysis and autolysis of the specimens. Postmortem enzyme immunoassay testing of blood and vitreous humor may be useful to screen for HIV infection in high-risk groups and for diagnosis of patients with histopathologic evidence of AIDS for medical, legal, and epidemiologic purposes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of fatal burn injuries.

The paper retrospectively reviews 80 burn fatalities from accidents or attempted suicides with patients admitted to the LAC-USC Medical Center from 1983 to 1987 to determine demographic factors, etiology of the burn injury, and existence of predisposing risk factors. The average age of fatal burn victims was 44 years; 74% were males, 39% were Caucasian, 35% were black, 21% were Hispanic, and 5% were of Asian descent. Blacks and Caucasians were overrepresented and Hispanics underrepresented in relation to all autopsy cases. Major etiologic factors included suicide, falling asleep while smoking, accidents while working with volatile solvents, housefires, scalds, cooking accidents, and accidents involving motor vehicles. Gasoline was the commonest solvent involved with burn fatalities. Significant risk factors for burn fatality were substance abuse (25% of cases) and impaired mental function (19% of cases).

Accidents↗