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Biomedical subjects

E C Poster

Publications and source records attributed to E C Poster.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

School nursing role and competence.

How will school nurses attain, maintain and advance their professional competence in an evolving school nursing and school health environment? This article is designed to assist school nurses to understand competence and nursing competencies and related issues affecting their role. The Southern Regional Education Board/Council on Collegiate Education for Nursing (SREB/CCEN) is exploring a linkage of undergraduate nursing curriculum to school nursing competencies. In addition, a method now used to evaluate school nurse competence in one school district is included.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1997

Advanced practice psychiatric nursing: a national profile.

The results of a national survey of Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses (APPN) are presented. Results are based on the Society for Education and Research in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing's (SERPN) Primary Mental Health and Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nursing monograph. Characteristics of the nurses, the clients they serve, and their practice patterns are described. Documenting the cost-effectiveness of these practitioners and increasing the number of younger APPNs is recommended.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1997

Patient outcomes used by advanced practice psychiatric nurses to evaluate effectiveness of practice.

Health care in the 1990s requires Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses (APPNs), like other health care providers, to identify and evaluate the outcomes of their practices. Many APPNs report that they are not currently engaging in outcome evaluation, and many report that they would like more resources on outcome measurement. This study identifies outcome evaluations currently in use, through an analysis of the responses of 364 Certified Clinical Nurse Specialists in a survey conducted by the Society for Education and Research in Psychiatric Nursing in 1994-1995. Specific tools that APPNs report using to assess outcomes are also identified and referenced.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1996

A multinational study of psychiatric nursing staffs' beliefs and concerns about work safety and patient assault.

In an effort to understand beliefs and concerns about work safety and patient assault, the author describes the results of a multinational survey of 999 nursing staff members working in psychiatric facilities across the United States, Canada, United Kindgom, and South Africa. Although the majority of the sample (75%) reported being physically assaulted at least once during their careers, 62% responded that they felt safe in their work environment most of the time. Significant differences were found among the nurses with regard to beliefs about adequacy of staffing, safety of the physical environment, admission of assaultive patients, expectations about being victims of assault, overall level of safety, and taking legal action against a patient. A significant difference in attitudes was also found among nursing staff members, who reported previous assaults. They believed that assaults are expected events in their work with psychiatric patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

A multiregional study of nurses' beliefs and attitudes about work safety and patient assault.

OBJECTIVE: The study attempted to increase understanding of nursing staff members' beliefs and concerns about work safety and patient assault. METHODS: A study conducted at a university-affiliated psychiatric facility in California in the late 1980s was replicated in five other psychiatric settings. Data were collected using the Attitudes Toward Patient Physical Assault Questionnaire, containing 31 statements designed to elicit nurses' beliefs about safety concerns, staff performance, and legal issues related to assaults. RESULTS: A total of 557 nursing staff members at the six sites responded to the questionnaire; 84 percent were female. The majority (76 percent) had been physically assaulted at least once, but 71 percent reported feeling safe in their work environment most of the time. Compared with female staff members, males tended to believe that assaults were to be expected, that assaulted staff have personality traits that make them vulnerable to assault, and that legal action against assaultive patients might jeopardize their jobs. Recently hired staff were more confident that their facilities did not admit unmanageable patients and that the environment was adequate to prevent assaults. Staff who had been assaulted more frequently tended to believe that assaults were to be expected. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights a nationwide concern among nursing staff about safety. Ensuring a safe working environment requires better training, more adequate staffing, and a security plan to protect staff, patients, and others.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

Implementing and evaluating an attending nurse model.

The role of "Attending Nurse" responds to the need for a cost-effective role for experienced clinical nurses which provides increased autonomy and job satisfaction. Using Lewin's Theory of Change, a task force at UCLA Neuropsychiatric Hospital implemented a project in the Adolescent Developmental Disabilities Unit. Response was very positive both from nursing personnel and the multidisciplinary team, all of whom were involved in planning, implementation and evaluation. For Attending Nurses, overall job satisfaction improved, role conflict decreased and retention increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Methodological concerns in evaluating psychiatric nursing care modalities and a proposed standard group protocol format for nurse-led groups.

The importance of detailing therapeutic effort and its outcome cannot be underestimated. The need to document outcomes has been re-emphasized in recent psychiatric mental health literature; however, the methodology for addressing threats to validity is well established. This article identifies the problems and issues related to a systematic evaluation of a therapeutic group intervention in an inpatient setting, specifically threats to validity, and describes the processes used in planning and implementing a standard group protocol format. The findings of this project depicting problems in the clarity and precision of documenting nursing practice are believed to be typical and generalizable. However, problems related to clarity and precision have not been addressed in the nursing literature. For a number of reasons, nursing staff members have not been sensitized to the importance of describing their practices in sufficient detail to allow others to replicate these practices. And yet, adequate evaluations of nursing efforts, particularly programmatic initiatives, require systematic testing with repeated trials. Although no description can describe in absolute terms what occurred, clear and precise descriptions of an intervention provide the foundation for valid conclusions about the effort. A detailed standard group protocol format provides a basis for establishing internal validity in subsequent quasi-experimental research designs as well as program evaluation studies.

Hospitalization↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatric nurses' attitudes toward and involvement in nursing research.

1. The three major blocks to clinical nursing research are lack of time, knowledge, and administrative support. 2. Positive attitudes toward nursing research were found to be related to nurses' advanced levels of education. 3. Two strategies to foster the development of research skills are inservice education classes and individualized guided learning experiences. 4. Two essential resources for staff who are expected to engage in clinical research activities are statistical consultation and clerical services.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nursing-led group modalities in a psychiatric inpatient setting: a program evaluation.

This examination of group practice activities conducted by nurses in an inpatient setting combined retrospective examination of practices and concurrent analysis of what is actually done on the units. The most striking finding of this evaluation of institutional nursing-led or co-led group activities was the significant decline in the number of groups. Second, and a related finding, was the need to standardize the format for documenting group activities and outlining the scope and function of these groups. And finally, the need for concise evaluation criteria and measures to document the achievement of stated patient outcomes was very apparent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A retrospective cohort study of falls in a psychiatric inpatient setting.

Several factors increase the psychiatric inpatient's risk of falling, including side effects of medications and mental disorders that decrease awareness of environmental hazards. In this study, rates of falling were determined for a cohort of 4,156 psychiatric inpatients over 34 months. A total of 494 falls occurred among 376 patients. Thirty-five percent of the patients who fell required medical or nursing intervention. Forty-eight percent of the falls occurred in the over-60 age group. When other results were adjusted for age, neither gender nor diagnosis was found to increase the risk of falling, except for depressed patients under 20 years old, who were at less risk, and psychotic patients in their 60s, who were at greater risk. The authors discuss the costs of falls and preventive efforts instituted in their setting.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1990

Contraband: the hidden risk.

In a 28-month retrospective study of contraband possession in an inpatient psychiatric setting, 54 incidents of contraband confiscation were identified. Incidents were analyzed according to day and shift of occurrence, nature of contraband, patient diagnoses and characteristics, and patient outcome of contraband possession. Study findings stress the importance of clearly stated contraband policies and procedures, especially in light of patient and staff rights and responsibilities.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed1989

Nurses' attitudes toward physical assaults by patients.

This article reports the survey findings of 184 psychiatric nurses' attitudes toward patient physical assault. Attitudes related to staff competence and performance, legal aspects, patient responsibility and safety were measured on a self-report questionnaire. Data were interpreted based on the scant literature related to patient assaults. Findings indicated that attitudes related to legal aspects of patient assault varied considerably among nursing staff. Discussion highlighted the influence of attitudes on both assaulted staff as well as the victim's colleagues.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

The assaulted nurse: short-term and long-term responses.

The purpose of this prospective study was to identify attitudinal changes and to describe the emotional, cognitive, social, and biophysiological short- and long-term reactions of nursing staff being physically assaulted by a patient. Sixty-one assaulted nursing staff at the University of California Los Angeles Neuropsychiatric Institute comprised the sample. Responses to the assault were elicited through weekly self-report questionnaires and interviews at week 1 and week 6. Follow-up questionnaires were completed at 6 months to 1 year following the assault. Sixty-seven percent (41/61) of the staff met the "responder" criteria during week 1. Eighteen percent (11/61) of the assaulted staff continued to experience moderate to severe responses 6 weeks following the assault. Long-term follow-up showed that 21% (8/39) of the staff were responders at 6 months, and 16% (4/25) were responders at 1 year. Two overall trends were evident: an overall decrease in the frequency of moderate to severe responses in each of the four categories from weeks 1 to 6, with increases during weeks 3 and 4, and a higher frequency of moderate, rather than intense and severe, responses throughout the 6 week period. No significant changes in attitudes were found. The data support the need for formalized clinical, educational, and administrative programs to assist staff in coping with this stressful work experience.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

The use of projective assessment techniques in pediatric research.

A variety of projective techniques are available to pediatric nurse researchers. This article focuses on four of the most frequently used projective assessment techniques in pediatric research: the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT); the Child Apperception Test (CAT); the Rorschach; and Human Figure Drawings (HFDs). Each of these techniques is described in terms of the underlying theoretical framework for its development, instructions for use with children, reliability and validity, and major findings from health care and nursing literature. Ten recommendations are provided to help nurse researchers ensure that their data meet reasonable criteria for objectivity to allow for replication of their investigations. Despite the often contradictory, inconclusive research findings, there is a role for projective techniques both in clinical practice and research.

Child↗