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Biomedical subjects

E Cabarrocas

Publications and source records attributed to E Cabarrocas.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

[Myasthenia gravis].

The present review updates myasthenia gravis. Immunopathogenesis of this condition, the clinical picture and degrees of involvement according to Osserman's classification, diagnostic procedures currently available, medical treatment and repercussion on the patient who is going yo be thymectomized are discussed. We review the works of several authors as far as concern to the use of muscle relaxants in myasthenic patients, peroperative monitoring of neuromuscular blockade, anesthetic techniques to be used, analgesia and intensive care required during postoperative period.

Anesthesia↗

[Myasthenia gravis: thymectomy. Muscle relaxation with atracurium besilate].

We have carried out a prospective study on the use of the muscle relaxant, atracurium besilate, in 10 patients with myasthenia gravis, seven had type IIB and three had type IIA, who were scheduled for thymectomy, using ED95 0.20 mg/kg, and ten non myasthenic patients undergoing cholecystectomy using ED95 0.50 mg/kg. After monitoring neuromuscular transmission, the time for establishing maximum blockade (EMB), clinical efficacy time (CET), recovery index (RI) and total duration time (TDT) were measured and evaluated comparatively. Results showed that in myasthenics patients, EMB was faster, CET an TDT were more prolonged and RI was higher than in non myasthenic patients. We conclude that atracurium at doses of 0.20 mg/kg is currently the non depolarizing muscle relaxant of choice in myasthenic patients because of the excellent muscle relaxation allowing extubation in the operating room without reverting muscle blockade and not needing ventilatory support during postoperative period.

Adult↗

[Pheochromocytoma: review of the preoperative treatment and anesthesiologic technic in 14 patients].

Fourteen patients operated for pheochromocytoma from 1978 to 1988 are reviewed. The preoperative treatment with adrenergic blockers is analyzed: phenoxybenzamine with final doses of 10-140 mg/day (mean 55.4 mg/day) and propranolol with doses of 40-80 mg/day (mean 50 mg/day). The premedications and anesthetic techniques are compared, the use of droperidol being discouraged because of the development of hypertensive paroxysms both preoperatively and postoperatively. The new benzodiazepines are offered as an alternative. The treatment of hypertensive paroxysms with phentolamine with total doses of 2.5-35 mg and that of peroperative arrhythmias with propranolol with total doses of 1-6 mg are reported. The recently described therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

[Adenosine triphosphate in the peroperative management of hypertensive crises and heart rate disorders in the surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the hypotensive and antiarrhythmic effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its impact on hypertensive crises and heart rhythm abnormalities resulting from surgery to remove pheochromocytoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 7 patients with pheocromocytoma who were scheduled for unilateral (4) or bilateral (3) suprarenalectomy prior to treatment with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. The anesthetic procedure was the same for all patients, as was monitoring: ECG, digital pulse oximetry, capnography, direct recording of arterial pressure by a catheter in the left radial artery and a Swan-Ganz fiber optic catheter in the pulmonary artery to measure pulmonary pressures and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Minute volume was measured by thermodilution. Blood glucose levels and urine excreted through a catheter were recorded hourly during surgery. During surgery, when arterial pressure had risen 20% above baseline level, i.v. infusion of ATP 0.5 mg/kg/min was begun and adjusted up or down depending on patient response. Infusion was stopped when the suprarenal vein had been tied. Hemodynamic analysis was performed during 4 phases: 1) start of surgery; 2) during manipulation of the tumor; 3) after excision, and 4) after surgery. Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were recorded, as were ATP doses and requirements for vasopressors and antiarrhythmic drugs. RESULTS: We found the following changes between phase 1 and phase 2, coinciding with ATP infusion: systemic arterial pressure increased 22.2%, heart rate increased 28.04% (with no cardiac arrhythmia observed in any patient), pulmonary artery pressure rose 25.35%, pulmonary capillary pressure rose 22.17%, cardiac index rose 108% while systemic vascular resistance decreased 55.82% and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased 33.96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗