PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Caffrey

Publications and source records attributed to E Caffrey.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The contribution of transfusion to HCV infection in England.

The English HCV lookback programme has identified some individuals with transfusion-transmitted HCV infection. The path from the collection of donations from HCV-infected donors to the identification of infected recipients was constructed. The probability of different outcomes at each branch was derived from data collected during this programme. This path of probabilities was then used to produce a complete estimate of the number of recipients infected by blood transfusions (dead and alive at the end of 1995) by re-entry of blood components that fell out of the lookback at various steps prior to recipient testing, and entry of components from HCV-infected donations that were never identified for lookback. Less than 14,000 recipients were estimated to have been infected with HCV during the decade prior to the start of donation testing. Over 60% of these were expected to have died by the end of 1995. Transfusion has infected a large group of individuals. However, this group constitutes a very small, and declining, proportion of all HCV infections in the population.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1998

Microbiological monitoring of bone grafts: two years' experience at a tissue bank.

In the first two years of operation of a tissue bank, bone was processed on 63 occasions from 22 cadaveric donors and on 37 occasions from 185 living donors. A standardized protocol for microbiological sampling, culturing and interpretation of the results was developed. Semi-quantitative culture of washings of bone was performed on receipt by the tissue bank, and broth enrichment cultures of bone samples were performed at the end of processing, and again after irradiation. One bone donation was rejected because of heavy contamination with Klebsiella sp. on receipt, and contamination of six donations with Burkholderia cepacia was shown to have come from a water deionizer. Contamination of bone on receipt by the tissue bank decreased during the study period, probably related to increasing experience of staff harvesting bone. Microbiological surveillance of bone grafts protect recipients from infection, and is useful as a quality control of the process of bone banking.

Bone Banks↗
PubMed1996

Bone graft contamination from a water de-ionizer during processing in a bone bank.

An organism resembling Burkholderia (formerly Pseudomonas) cepacia was isolated from cultures taken during processing of six bone grafts. The source of the contamination was traced to a water de-ionizer; the problem had begun when procedures had been changed, so that water from the de-ionizer had been used without sterilization. Cultures of bone for grafting not only protect recipients from infection, but act also as useful controls for processes involved in bone banking.

Bone Banks↗
PubMed1991

The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of pentisomide.

The effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of pentisomide (CM7857), an orally effective antiarrhythmic agent, were studied in two groups of volunteers. Sixteen young volunteers (mean age 26.4 years) and 10 elderly volunteers (mean age 67.8 years) received a single 200 mg oral dose of pentisomide. Mean AUC was larger and terminal elimination half-life longer in the elderly subjects, due to a decrease in total plasma clearance of pentisomide in the elderly. This decrease was due to a reduction in renal clearance of the drug which was paralleled by a significantly lower creatinine clearance in the elderly subjects. Dosage reduction, or a reduced frequency of dosing of pentisomide would be necessary in the elderly or those with impaired renal function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Tanakan inhibits platelet-activating-factor-induced platelet aggregation in healthy male volunteers.

An open study to investigate the PAF-acether antagonist activity of Tanakan in healthy male volunteers examined the effect of a single 15-ml oral dose on ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen or PAF-acether. Aggregometry was performed on platelet-rich plasma samples from blood taken 1 h before dosing with Tanakan and 2, 4 and 8 h after intake of Tanakan. Following dosing with Tanakan there was a reduction in platelet aggregation at all doses of PAF, with 1 microM ADP and adrenaline, the most significant decreases occurred with 75 nM PAF-acether 4 h after intake (p less than 0.05) and 300 nM PAF-acether 4 h (p less than 0.01) and 8 after intake (p less than 0.05). There were no concomitant changes in coagulation, skin bleeding time, haematological and biochemical laboratory tests, blood pressure or pulse. The results provide a possible explanation for the clinical efficacy of Tanakan in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease; they also confirm that a single oral dose of 15 ml Tanakan is well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of antimicrobial agents with human peripheral blood leucocytes: uptake and intracellular localization of certain sulphonamides and trimethoprims.

The uptake of sulphamethoxazole, sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine, sulphanilamide, trimethoprim and brodimoprim by human peripheral blood leucocytes, has been investigated. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assay drug concentrations before and after incubation with leucocyte suspensions. Using radiolabelled material the intracellular localization of two of these compounds was also determined. The results indicated that all the investigated drugs were taken up by leucocytes. Differential studies demonstrated that mononuclear cells accumulated higher drug concentrations (0.13-0.55 microgram/10(7) cells), than resting neutrophils (0.02-0.26 microgram/10(7) cells) with the exception of sulphanilamide, which was taken up to a greater extent by neutrophils (0.75 microgram/10(7) cells). During neutrophil phagocytosis intracellular levels of all the drugs except brodimoprim increased from 3 to 130-fold as compared to resting neutrophils. The uptake of 14C-sulphanilamide and 14C-trimethoprim, in neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells, as assessed by measurement of the cell-associated radioactivity, correlated well with that determined by the HPLC procedure. In the intracellular localization studies 14C-sulphanilamide and 14C-trimethoprim exhibited similar distribution profiles. In neutrophils, 35-40% of radiolabelled drug was located in both the microsome and cytosol fractions whereas in peripheral blood mononuclear cells 40-60% was found in the cytosol and 10-20% in the microsome fraction. The results of this study suggest that, following activation, leucocytes may actively transport these drugs and release them locally at sites of infection. The ability of neutrophils to further concentrate the drugs during phagocytosis may result in reduced survival time of some ingested bacteria. These concepts may be important in designing treatment stratagems for intracellular pathogens.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Care of the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication patient.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease can usually be successfully managed with conservative medical treatment. Anti-reflux surgery is a safe alternative when treatment fails or patients desire a more definitive treatment option. Through a case study approach, this article describes the indications for surgery, the essentials of the authors' multi-disciplinary approach to care and the components of a well-designed education plan for a patient undergoing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Although most patients do well after surgery, diligent nursing care is required before and after surgery to prevent or manage complications and ensure patients have a rapid recovery and successful outcome.

Fundoplication↗