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Biomedical subjects

E Calderón Osuna

Publications and source records attributed to E Calderón Osuna.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[School-age smoking in the province of Seville. Epidemiology and influence of personal and social environment (smoking prevention campaign, 1998-1999)].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence os smoking in school children in Sevilla and the influence of personal and social environment on smoking patterns. METHODS: This study was part of a preventative anti-smoking campaign in schools. Students filled in anonymous questionnaires based on the World Health Organization survey instrument for population attitudes and habits. RESULTS: We surveyed 3385 students between 10 and 19 years of age at 47 schools in Seville and 28 villages in the surrounding province. Current smoking was reported by 19.1% of the students; slightly more girls (19.8%) than boys (18.3%) smoked. Smoking was related to having an older brother or sister who smoked and particularly to having friends who smoked (OR 20.5). The adolescents reported that parents were less permissive than the rest of their environment. Smokers associated tobacco with values such as independence and freedom; they believed that smoking might have an impact on health, although their conviction was less strong than that of non-smokers, regular smokers had high expectations of continuing. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high proportion of smokers among students of both sexes. Starting and continuing to smoke during adolescence is considerably influenced by the social environment of peers and is possibly affected by messages of independence and freedom transmitted through tobacco industry advertising.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[A randomized comparative study of 3 days of azithromycin treatment and 10 days of cefuroxime treatment in exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical and gasometric evolution and the side effects of two treatment schedules in the exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 500 mg/24 h of azithromycin (AZM) for three days versus 500 mg/12 h of acetyl cefuroxime (ACF) for 10 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized included into each therapeutic schedule. The patients were seen three times (days 1 and 4, and at 15-21 days) to evaluate clinical symptoms scores. Forced spirometry and arterial gasometry were performed the first and the last time the patients were seen. The number of patients requiring admission during follow up and the secondary effects of each antibiotic were quantified. RESULTS: A total de 50 patients were treated with AZM and 51 with ACF. The evolution of the symptoms was similar although with a trend to greater improvement in those treated with AZM. This improvement was significant for the characteristics of expectoration (p < 0.05). Functional and gasometric evolution was similar in the two schedules. Three patients treated with AZM required hospital admission, as did 5 treated with ACF. A greater number of secondary effects were observed in patients treated with ACF (18%) than in those receiving AZM (10%), with gastrointestinal side effects being the most commonly observed. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with short schedule of AZM may have the same activity as longer schedule of ACF, with fewer secondary effects thereby suggesting that AZM may be an effective alternative in the treatment of exacerbations in patients with COPD.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Investigation of tuberculosis contacts in a nonhospital pneumology practice.

The aim of this study was to analyze the results of the tuberculosis contact tracing carried out in an outpatient pneumology setting and to assess its performance with regard to the detection of new cases of tuberculosis and infected contacts. One thousand two hundred and twenty-eight contacts of 302 tuberculosis patients were evaluated in the Tuberculosis Unit of the Dr. Fleming Specialities Center between 1992 and 1996. Contacts were categorized into groups with regard to bacteriological status of the index case (Group A, smear-positive; Group B, culture-positive only; Group C, smear- and culture-negative) and intimacy of exposure to the index case (close or casual). The possible association between the existence of infection or disease and the bacteriological status of the index case and degree of intimacy of exposure was analyzed. There were 582 infected contacts (47.4%) and 42 new cases of tuberculosis (3.4%), six of which were smear-positive. The proportion of infected and diseased contacts was significantly higher for those who had contact with smear-positive patients and those who had close contact with the index case. Chemoprophylaxis was completed in 431 (35.1%) of the contacts evaluated. Systematic investigation of contacts represents an efficient means of discovering new cases of tuberculosis and infection, especially among contacts of smear-positive index cases and among those who are closer to the index case. The administration of appropriate treatment to these contacts will contribute to controlling the transmission of tuberculosis within the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a complication of asthmatic crisis].

Pneumomediastinum is an uncommon self-limited clinical entity which usually involves young adults. In asthmatic patients, the manifestation of pneumomediastinum as complication of an asthmatic crisis is considered to be a rare event, and its course is usually favourable with scarce complications. We report here the main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics in four patients with pneumomediastinum secondary to an asthmatic exacerbation, admitted to the Neumology Department in our hospital for a three year period. The clinical course of our patients was favourable, and the picture resolved with conventional medical therapy for the asthmatic crisis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Pancoast syndrome caused by lung tuberculosis].

Pancoast's syndrome arises from neoplasms in 95% of cases but infection is a rare cause. We describe a patient with Pancoast's tumor secondary to tuberculosis. Pain caused by plexopathy and lack of diagnosis by noninvasive means led to the need for open biopsy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[School-age smoking in the province of Seville: results from the first phase of an anti-smoking campaign].

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and intensity of smoking among school-age children in Seville by sex, age and type of population, as well as to examine expectations of future smoking. METHODS: This study was part of a school anti-smoking campaign. The students completed an anonymous questionnaire based on the one formulated by the World Health Organization on population attitudes and habits. RESULTS: Of 895 school-age subjects surveyed, 879 questionnaires were valid (428 boys and 451 girls). Ages ranged from 12 to 19 years (mean for boys: 15.4 +/- 1.6 years; for girls 14.6 +/- 1.5 years; p < 0.01). As many as 300 girls (67%) and 278 boys (65%) reported having tried a cigarette at some time. Active smoking was reported by 35% (16% occasionally and 19% daily) with no significant differences between boys and girls. The number of smokers increased with age, coming to represent more than half of subjects over 16 years of age, the proportion being even higher for girls aged 14 years and older. Smoking became well established at age 14 or older for most subjects. More rural than urban or large town dwellers reported smoking. The mean number of cigarettes smoked was higher for boys (8.7 +/- 7.4) than for girls (6.4 +/- 6.2) (p < 0.01). We found differences in boys' and girls' future expectations of smoking, as well as differences between habitual and occasional smokers, the latter group being less certain about whether to continue smoking in the future or not.

Adolescent↗