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E Calderón-Jaimes

Publications and source records attributed to E Calderón-Jaimes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The resistance and serotyping of 83 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from asymptomatic carriers and ill children].

Eight-three isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from children hospitalized with several infections in Mexico City and Cuernavaca, and from healthy children attending a day-care center in Cuernavaca, from January to September 1992, were screened for antimicrobial resistance patterns by in vitro susceptibility testing against antimicrobial agents of potential use in the treatment of diseases caused by S. pneumoniae (39 infected patients and 44 from healthy children). 21.6% of strains were resistant to penicillin, 52% of the strains were multiresistant without a commun pattern. Children attending a day-care center had a higher rate of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to one or more antimicrobial than hospitalized children. Serotypes or serogroups 6, 23F, 14 and 19 were most prevalent. There are evidence that strain 23F has an intercontinental link, this strain is associated with disseminated diseases and multiresistance to antimicrobials. The results indicate that changes can occur in the susceptibility of S. pneumoniae and that selective susceptibility testing and epidemiologic studies in hospitalized patients and children in day-care centers are necessary.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical outcome of invasive infections in children caused by highly penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae compared with infections caused by penicillin-susceptible strains.

BACKGROUND: In this report based on data from the Institutional Surveillance System during 1994-1998, we document the continuing emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez in Mexico City. METHODS: We evaluate the clinical course of 49 invasive pneumococcal infection outside the central nervous system (CNS) by a number of factors including the site, severity, and place where the infection was acquired, the underlying health of the patient, and the adequacy of antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS: An underlying illness was present in 21 of 49 (43%) patients, 37 (75%) patients had taken previous antimicrobial therapy, and 25% of the infections were nosocomially acquired. Overall, 25 of 49 (51%) of the pneumococcal strains tested were pencillin-resistant; strains with the highest resistance to penicillin were also resistant to cephalosporins. Twenty-two percent of all strains were considered to be multidrug-resistant. Eleven of 25 penicillin-resistant strains were identified as multidrug-resistant, i.e., to erythromycin, TMP/SMX, and chloramphenicol. Ten serotypes accounted for 88% of the isolates, the most frequent serotypes being 23F, 14, 19V, 6A, and 6B. The overall case-fatality rate was 37% (18 of 49), with most deaths occurring within 3-5 days after antibiotic therapy was initiated. There was no difference in the case fatality rate between children with penicillin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal infections; instead; case-fatality rate correlated with severity of illness on admission and presence of underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing groups at risk for invasive pneumococcal disease could aid in the development of preventive programs and increase the benefits from wide use of future conjugated vaccines.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence, incidence, and determinants of syphilis in female commercial sex workers in Mexico City.

GOAL: To determine the prevalence and the incidence of serologic markers for syphilis, and the characteristics associated with the risk of infection in female commercial sex workers in Mexico City. To identify female commercial sex workers at greater risk of infection with syphilis. STUDY DESIGN: The authors performed a cross-sectional study of 3,100 female commercial sex workers who sought human immunodeficiency virus testing at a National Council on AIDS clinic between January 1992 and April 1993. The authors collected information about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, history of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual practices, and preventive measures against such diseases. All of the women provided a blood sample for identification of infection markers and in a subgroup of 1,802 women, repeat samples were obtained to estimate the rate of seroconversion to syphilis. RESULTS: Prevalence of syphilis was 8.2%, with an incidence of 2.4 per 100 person years. A positive linear relation between age and time working in commercial sex and prevalence of infection markers was observed. Women with less education, born in states other than Mexico City, and who worked on the street had significantly greater risks of infection with syphilis. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of infection by both estimators is relatively low in the women studied. Characteristics related with periods of exposure such as age and time working in commercial sex, as well as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, such as place of birth, education, and type of work site, were significantly related to the frequency of infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of recent isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and to evaluate the prevalence of macrolide-resistant phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1999, we conducted a cross-sectional study at Mexico Children's Hospital "Federico Gomez", to analyze one hundred strains of S. pyogenes isolated from 1992 to 1998, in children with uncomplicated pharyngotonsillitis. Strains were frozen at the bacteriology lab until they were analyzed. Strains were tested for susceptibility against some beta-lactams, macrolides and clindamycin. Double-disk testing was carried out to evaluate erythromycin-resistant phenotypes. Data are presented using central tendency measures. RESULTS: All tested strains were not resistant to beta-lactams and clindamycin; 16% of the strains were resistant to macrolides and all of them belonged to phenotype M. CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility testing is recommended to identify possible changes in antibiotic resistance to streptococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-microbiological characteristics of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae]].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis. To describe and compare the clinical and microbiological characteristics, treatment and outcome among children infected with strains either susceptible or resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 38 children with pneumococcal meningitis were prospectively enrolled in the Institutional Surveillance Program for Pneumococcal Infections during 1994-1998. Clinical and laboratory data were collected by chart review. RESULTS: Of the 38 children, 24 (63%) were less than 2 years of age, 11 (28.9%) had drug-resistant S. pneumoniae, 18.4% had intermediate resistance, 10.5% high level resistance and 2.6% also showed high level resistance to cefotaxime. The only associated factors (by Fisher's exact test) associated to resistance were: previous use of antibiotics (p = 0.2), underlying disease (p < 0.001). Course of illness and clinical course were similar for children infected with penicillin or cefotaxime susceptible, vs. non-susceptible strains. CONCLUSIONS: Current levels of S. pneumoniae resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin are not associated to an increase in mortality in children with meningitis.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of cervicovaginal infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis among female population of the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos].

The chlamydiae are a genetically diverse group of bacteria with a unique intracellular development cycle. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the female includes cervicitis, acute urethral syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, salpingitis and the risk of exposure of infants born through an infected birth canal who may develop inclusion conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia. In order to determine the prevalence of cervicovaginal infections caused by C. trachomatis in female population in Cuernavaca, Morelos, we studied 2,407 sexually active women from a suburban area. Genital specimens were collected from each woman and cultured in McCoy cell monolayers. Detection of the bacteria was done by staining with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (Syva Microtrak, Palo Alto CA). 97 of them were culture-positive for C. trachomatis, with and overall prevalence of 4.02 per cent. The most important clinical symptom observed in 47 of the infected patients was an increased or altered vaginal discharge.

Adolescent↗