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Biomedical subjects

E Chailleux

Publications and source records attributed to E Chailleux.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lymphocyte subsets, phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness of blood lymphocytes, and interleukin 2 production in sarcoidosis.

To test the possibility that T lymphocyte subset imbalance and interleukin 2 (IL2) play a part in the impairment of cellular immune response in sarcoidosis, the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and alveolar lavage fluid from 21 patients with sarcoidosis was studied, monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 being used. Lectin induced production of IL2 and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated. The percentage of both OKT3+ and OKT4+ T lymphocytes was significantly lower in peripheral blood from patients with sarcoidosis than in control subjects (control 63% and 46%), more so in patients with chronic sarcoidosis (44% and 23%) than in patients with recent sarcoidosis (56% and 38%). PHA induced IL2 production from peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ between patients with sarcoidosis and control subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between PHA responsiveness and the percentage of blood OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells. Peripheral blood lymphocyte PHA responsiveness was decreased only in patients with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of less than 1.5. Finally, late addition of exogenous IL2 to the culture medium on day 5 increased 3(H)Tdr incorporation by PHA stimulated blasts in peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal subjects, but not from those of patients with sarcoidosis. The data suggest that the impairment of cellular immune response in patients with sarcoidosis could in part reflect a decrease in the percentage of blood T helper lymphocytes and impaired IL2 receptors at the surface of stimulated lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical aspects of 27 cases of severe primary infectious lung diseases].

The authors report 27 cases of severe primary pulmonary infections which resulted in acute respiratory failure and which were treated in a Respiratory Medicine Intensive Care Unit. A bacteriological specimen (blood culture, transtracheal aspiration, fibroscopy, pleural tap) and/or a serological examination permitted the responsible agent to be identified in 20 of the 27 cases (74%). Apart from antibiotics and symptomatic treatments, 13 patients also received oxygen therapy and 14 other patients were intubated and ventilated. In the first group, 3 patients died (24%) and in the second group, the mortality was much higher, with 9 deaths out of 14 patients (64%). The authors present the clinical features, the frequency of the various micro-organisms isolated, the therapeutic modalities and various prognostic factors. Although repeated early specimens usually provide bacteriological diagnosis and therefore appropriate antibiotic therapy, the prognosis of these conditions, at the stage of acute respiratory failure remains serious and is probably related to risk factors linked with predisposition. The exact nature and the relative importance of these risk factors still needs to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Respiratory pathology of isocyanates].

Isocyanates are chemical compounds used in making polyurethane (for flexible or rigid foam, paint, varnish, glue and textiles). In strong concentrations isocyanates are powerful irritants producing chemical bronchopulmonary lesions. In weak doses they are responsible for occupational asthma and more rarely allergic alveolitis. Long term exposure to isocyanates may produce a deterioration in pulmonary function in asymptomatic patients. The pathophysiology of isocyanate asthma remains uncertain: immunological data remains contradictory while isocyanates have been shown to have a Betablocking effect. The maximum allowable concentration in the working environment, at present proposed in the U.S.A. is 0.005 ppm.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1981

[Oxygen enrichers and different ways of using them].

Different ways of using oxygen enrichers have been studied. First, the performances of two different devices were tested: the results were very similar to the constructors' previsions. Second, oxygen concentrations in venturi masks connected to enrichers were measured with a mass spectrometer. The authors suggest to adjust the flow delivered by enrichers at 3 liters/min for any type of venturi mask. Pharyngeal oxygen concentration curves show the reliability of masks connected to enrichers compared to other modes of administration (nasal cannulae, nasal catheter).

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1981

[The value of computed tomography in the assessment of thoracic mesothelioma (author's transl)].

The authors report their experiences with computed tomography (CT) in 17 patients suffering from histologically proven pleural mesothelioma. The examination has two particular values. First the extent of the lesions can be assessed, in particular the retraction of the hemithorax, the detection of mediastinal involvement (which would be invisible to all other methods of examination including thoracoscopy), the exploration of the adjacent lung and the fissures, as well as the diaphragm. Secondly CT appears to be the only objective and reproducibly examination for the surveillance of lesions under treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Simultaneous study of the induction effect of rifampicin and the phenotype for acetylation of isoniazid in 21 patients with tuberculosis undergoing a combination treatment].

Enzyme induction during an antituberculous treatment with Rifampin, Isoniazid and Ethambutol was studied in 21 patients with tuberculosis. Two tests were used: increase in urinary excretion of D-saccharic acid and decrease of the half-life of antipyrineee. Induction is constant with D-saccharic acid. On the other hand there is a significant decrease in the half-life of antipyrin in only 10 patients. There is an increase in the 11 other patients: all of them are slow acetylators for isoniazid. We suggest that INH has an inhibitor effect on the hydroxylation of antipyrin. This study allows us to discuss the interactions of drugs with INH and Rifampin, as well the predominance of rapid acetylators among subjects suffering of isoniazid hepatitis, recently questioned.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1980

Tuberculosis therapy and enzyme induction in man.

The enzymatic inducing effect of an antituberculous treatment (Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Ethambutol) is tested by recording variations in the urinary D-glucaric acid elimination and in the antipyrine half-life test, measured before starting treatment and after two weeks of treatment. This study concerns 21 patients: 14 are slow acetylators and 7 are rapid acetylators of isoniazid. After two weeks of treatment an increase of the urinary glucaric acid elimination is observed but variations in the antipyrine half-life test are not univocal and allow us to separate two categories of patients: 10 have a significant decrease of antipyrine half-life, 11 have not. A link seems to exist between the rapid acetylator phenotype and this enzyme induction which is revealed by the antipyrine test. An interpretation of these two enzyme induction tests, the nature of the rifampicin inducing action and its relation to the acetylator phenotype are discussed.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Two-year assisted ventilation at home experiment study of 15 patients (author's transl)].

Assisted ventilation at home requiring volume relaxators affected 15 patients suffering from a restrictive syndrome (cyphoscoliosis or after effects of tuberculosis). The blood gases of 8 patients who had been looked after for more than one year, at home by the physio-therapist and in hospital by repeated controls, improved (especially the PaO2). The most important fact is the noteworthy decline in the annual time of hospitalisation.

Home Care Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary lymphosarcoma of the lung secreting immunoglobulin (author's transl)].

A case of primary lymphosarcoma of the lung with monoclonal seric dysglobulinemia of IgM type is reported in a 48-year-old man. This bilateral tumour consisted of lymphocytes with some plasmacytoïd and plasma-cells. There was no bone, liver or lymph node involvement. A 3-year follow-up shows clinical remission with continuous chlorambucil therapy. The interest of the observation lies in the rarity of secretory lymphosarcoma of the lung: only five cases have been reported. Nosologic and diagnostic problems of lymphocyte and plasma cell proliferations in the lung are discussed. The difficulty to differentiate diffuse hemopathy from localized lymphoma and tumour from pseudo-tumour is emphasized.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tuberous sclerosis and lymphangiomyomatosis syndrome. Problem of their relationship (author's transl)].

Discussion of a case relating to a patient affected by a typical tuberous sclerosis, and a lymphangiomyomatosis syndrome, proliferation of unstriated muscles of lymphatic system. These symptoms induce pulmonary injuries, ascites and renal angiomyolipomas. The closeness of these localizations with the visceral manifestations of tuberous sclerosis leads to debate connections among the two diseases.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reliability of the transcutaneous PO2 measurement in the adult by the TCM 1 radiometer electrode].

The accuracy of transcutaneous PO2 measurements (PtcO2; Radiometer TCM 1) was evaluated by comparison with arterial PO2 (PaO2) on 115 recordings in 35 patients: 20 during exercise testing (group I) and 14 during assisted ventilation at different FIO2 values (group II). The correlation coefficient between PaO2 and PtcO2 was satisfactory (r = 0.977; n = 115). However PaO2 and PtcO2 mean values were significantly different in group I, and in group II at 45% FIO2. The analysis of variance showed that the difference between PaO2 and PtcO2 was significant among the patients but did not vary with exercise and FIO2 changes (group I: F19 = 6.28, p less than 0.001; group II: F19(19) = 2.54, p less than 0.025). In the adult, transcutaneous PO2 measurement by TCM 1 radiometer electrode seems to be interesting in the context of monitoring blood gases with exercise and assisted ventilation. The significant variation with arterial PO2 sometimes registered should make one cautious in the interpretation of accurate measurements.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Asbestos exposure and pleural calcification : functional effects in 34 patients].

Respiratory function disturbances were evaluated in 34 patients, mostly retired naval shipyard workers, with asbestos-related pleural calcifications. All patients had spirography tests, while 20 of them were studied by CO transfer in steady-state and measurements of arterial gases. Results were correlated with previous clinical history (chronic bronchopathy and/or pleural effusions), smoking habits, and the duration of exposure to asbestos dust. Patients with no previous history had mean spirographic values close to the normal (VC: 96% of lower limits; TC: 113%, mean VEMS/CV: 72.5%). Previous clinical history had a very much more marked effect on spirographic results than on gas exchanges: whereas CO transfer and blood gases were usually fairly normal (97% of normal for TCO and DuCO, mean PaO2 at 78 mmHg, mean PaCO2 at 34,5 mmHg), many patients had markedly altered altered values. A clear correlation was found for TCO, DuCO, Du a and PaCO2 with the duration of exposure. This suggests that in some cases there is a certain degree of pulmonary fibrosis associated with the pleural thickening.

Aged↗