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Biomedical subjects

E Chemerinski

Publications and source records attributed to E Chemerinski.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A double-blind placebo-controlled study of clomipramine in depressed patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Twenty-one depressed patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were randomized to receive a 6-week treatment with clomipramine or placebo in a study with a double-blind crossover design. Main outcome measures were Hamilton Depression, Mini-Mental State (MMSE), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores. Mood improved significantly on both clomipramine and placebo, but clomipramine was significantly more effective than placebo during the first 6-week treatment period. Patients started on clomipramine maintained improvement during the washout and placebo periods, whereas patients started on placebo worsened during the washout period. However, patients on clomipramine showed significantly lower MMSE scores overall than patients on placebo. No significant drug effects were found on FIM scores. Clomipramine proved to be a useful treatment of depression in patients with probable AD.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Central serotonergic activity after neurogenic hypertension.

Sinoaortic denervated rats, 24 h after operation, showed a 25% increase in the central (hypothalamus, frontal cortex, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata) tryptophan content and about a 70% rise in plasma free fatty acid (NEFA) concentration. The synaptosomal serotonin (5-HT) uptake and tryptophan hydroxylase activity of slices from these central areas were not significantly different when compared to those from sham-operated rats. There was also an increase in tryptophan and NEFA concentration at 24 h in fasted sham-operated rats. Seven days after neurogenic hypertension, the central tryptophan content had returned to control values. However, a 50% increase in the tryptophan hydroxylase activity of slices from the midbrain area together with a higher turnover rate of serotonin was found in the denervated group of rats. The synaptosomal 5-HT uptake remained unchanged. These results suggest that sinoaortic denervation could induce changes in the serotonergic neurons localized in central nervous system areas during the first week after operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Central serotonergic participation on blood pressure regulation.

1. The changes on blood pressure induced by pharmacological handling of serotonergic systems were studied in normotensive anesthetized rats. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent decrease in mean blood pressure without significative effect on heart rate. 2. Inhibition of either peripheral L-aminoacid DOPA decarboxylase or monoamine oxydase enzymes increased this hypotensive effect. 3. Methysergide, a serotonergic antagonist, prevented the hypotension induced by 5 OH-TP in animals whose peripheral decarboxylase was inhibited. 4. Fenfluramine, a serotonergic releasing drug, produced a decrease in both blood pressure and heart rate. These effects were prevented by inhibiting fenfluramine uptake or by serotonin (5-HT) receptor blockade. 5. The hypotensive action induced by 5-HTP was not affected when opioid, dopaminergic or histaminergic receptors were blocked. 6. In animals injected intracisternally with a serotonergic neurotoxine a selective destruction of serotonergic terminals of spinal cord was obtained. 7. In these animals the dose-response curve relating hypotensive effect induced by a direct serotonergic agonist showed a significative shift to the left when compared with control group, suggesting the existence of supersensitivity. 8. Our results show that increases in central serotonergic activity produce a hypotensive effect in normotensive anesthetized rats. The receptor involved in this action could be localized in spinal cord.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1980

Sinoaortic denervation-induced changes in central serotonergic neurons.

Sinoaortic denervation in rats induced changes in endogenous levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain areas. The midbrain showed a sustained increase for 7 days after the operation, while in pons and medulla oblongata a marked rise was only observed during the first 24 h. No changes were obtained in spinal cord. It is thought that the changes in serotonergic activity described could be related to the neurogenic hypertension induced by sinoaortic denervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of d-amphetamine, ethanol and genever on learning in the rat.

The effect of oral administration of d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg), ethanol (2.5 g/kg), genever (equivalent to 2.5 g/kg ethanol) and the combinations d-amphetamine-ethanol and d-amphetamine-genever was studied on learning in the rat, using a shuttle-box in 4 sessions at 24 hr intervals. Acquisition was significantly favored by all treatments, being more constant in the 4 sessions when combinations d-amphetamine-ethanol and d-amphetamine-genever were administered.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The neuropsychiatry of stroke.

Stroke represents a major public health problem in the United States, but relatively little work has been directed toward identifying and treating the common neuropsychiatric disorders occurring after stroke. This review discusses clinical and pathological correlates of depression, anxiety disorder, catastrophic reactions, pathological affect, or psychosis after stroke, as well as their epidemiology. Depressive disorder and anxiety disorder have been shown to inhibit physical recovery from stroke. It seems likely that other psychiatric disorders also inhibit recovery and limit quality of life. There are very few controlled trials examining the effectiveness of treatments for these disorders after stroke. Both depression and pathological affect, however, can be effectively treated with antidepressant medications.

Antidepressive Agents↗