[Critical study of echocardiography in mitral cardiopathies].
The importance of the echocardiogram in a study of mitral disorders has been analysed by examining 107 echocardiograms set against a clinical examination, an investigation of haemodynamic function (57), left-sided angiography (42), and/or examination at the time of operation (40). This study confirms the great diagnostic value of the echocardiographic findings in mitral stenosis (56 patients): the amplitude DE, the slope EF, the percentage of mid-diastolic closure, the echo from the valves, and the dimension of the left atria (P less than 0.001). This association remains valid if there is mitral incomptence as well as stenosis, or if there is also an aortic lesion, provided all the parameters are used. The degree of stenosis of the mitral orifice cannot be determined with sufficient certainty to allow surgical exploration to be undertaken solely on echocardiographic results, however the patients are selected (sinus rhythm, absence of calcification, mobile valve...). The echocardiographic diagnosis of the 17 cases of mitral incompetence was incomplete (except for rupture of the chords); the volume of the regurgitation is poorly appreciated.