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Biomedical subjects

E Christiansen

Publications and source records attributed to E Christiansen.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Transplantation of pancreas and islet cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus--status after 25 years].

The Danish study group for metabolic studies after transplantation of the pancreas. Development of combined pancreatic and renal transplantation and transplantation of islet cells in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is reviewed. Transplantation of the pancreas is undertaken in Denmark on the indication of diabetes mellitus complicated by terminal diabetic nephropathy in patients who are considered, in advance, as candidates for renal transplantation. During recent years, improved results have been obtained by combined pancreatic renal transplantation with patient survival of up to 96% and graft survival of up to 84% after two years. Despite normal HbA1C, the intermediate metabolism is abnormal after combined pancreatic and renal transplantation. At present, it does not appear to prevent or arrest development of diabetic retinopathy while the results indicate that progression of diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy can be halted. Development in islet cell transplantation is promising. As yet, there has only been limited success with transplantation of foetal islet cells and this also involves great ethical problems. Xenographic transplantation of foetal islet cells may be of current value in the future. During recent years, 20% of islet cell transplantations from adult human donors have resulted in insulin independence for briefer periods (maximal 24 months, January 1992). Improved methods have been developed in immune modulation, immune isolation and cryopreservation and these make purification and harvesting of adequate quantities of islet cell mass possible to obtain exogenic insulin independence. Development of new immune suppressives has not improved the results. In the future, islet cell transplantation will possibly become part of the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Identification of patients with hereditary haemochromatosis by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic relaxation time measurements.

A total of 4302 healthy blood donors were screened for elevated serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Fifteen had increased serum ferritin at a follow-up examination. Five relatives of these donors also entered the study. Eleven patients had elevated liver iron concentrations, while five had normal liver iron concentrations. The R2 relaxation rate in the liver was first measured with a conventional multi-spin-echo imaging sequence, and then by a volume-selective spectroscopic multi-spin-echo sequence, in order to achieve a minimum echo time of 4 msec. No correlation was found between the relaxation rate R2 and the liver iron concentration, when R2 was calculated from the imaging data. Multi-exponential transverse relaxation could be resolved when the spectroscopic sequence was used. A strong correlation between the initial slope of the relaxation curve and the liver iron concentration was found (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). Signal intensity ratios between liver and muscle were calculated from the first three echoes in the multi-echo imaging sequence, and from a gradient echo sequence. A strong correlation between the logarithm of the signal intensity ratios and the liver iron concentration was found. Although both spectroscopic T2 relaxation time measurements and signal intensity ratios could be used to quantify liver iron concentration, the gradient echo imaging seemed to be the best choice. Gradient echo imaging could be performed during a single breath hold, so motion artifacts could be avoided. The accuracy of liver iron concentration estimates from signal intensity ratios in the gradient echo images was about 35%.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Male infertility: current concepts.

The purpose of the article is to review the current concepts regarding the etiology and treatment of male-factor infertility. The following general conclusions can be drawn: (a) conventional parameters for sperm quality and male fertility are inadequate and any assessment should involve several different tests of sperm cell function to increase the fertility prognosis; (b) the causes of disturbed sperm quality are still poorly understood; (c) the role of the varicocele is still controversial but some of the discrepancies reported in the literature may be explained by the negative influence of other factors such as smoking, epididymal pathology or glandular infections operating either in conjunction or independent of the varicocele; (d) the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs, in particular the involvement of chronic chlamydial infections, has been underestimated, largely because it is often asymptomatic and difficult to demonstrate objectively; (e) partial androgen insensitivity may account for a significant number of cases of severe oligozoospermia; (f) no major advances have been made in the medical treatment of poor sperm quality; (g) assisted fertilization techniques such as IVF and GIFT offer encouraging possibilities for the treatment of male-factor infertility; and (h) recent advances in microsurgical techniques are increasing the treatment possibilities for certain forms of obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Sperm quality in men with chronic abacterial prostatovesiculitis verified by rectal ultrasonography.

Semen analyses were performed on 50 men with chronic abacterial prostatovesiculitis (CPV) and 25 asymptomatic control subjects. All subjects had had symptoms of at least three months' duration, and the diagnosis was verified by rectal ultrasonography and after microbiologic culture of seminal plasma. Fifty-eight percent had increased concentrations of leukocytes (greater than 1 x 10(6)/mL) in the ejaculate compared with 15 percent in the controls. Only 10 percent of the CPV subjects could be classified as normospermic compared with 60 percent in the controls. The incidence of severe disturbances in sperm quality and azoospermia was also four times greater in the CPV group. Neither the degree of leukospermia nor the ultrasonographic findings could predict the extent of the disturbance in sperm quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Antibodies against double-stranded DNA in patients with connective tissue diseases. Comparison between Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast immunofluorescence test and Farr technique.

Antibodies against double-stranded (ds) DNA were demonstrated by an immunofluorescence technique using Crithidia luciliae kinetoplast as antigen, and by means of the Farr technique. Both techniques were used simultaneously in 172 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), temporal arteritis (TA) and from healthy controls. Comparable results were obtained with the two techniques. SLE patients with active disease had higher titres of IgA antibodies than patients with inactive disease. Of the patients with RA and JRA, 10% had significant titres of dsDNA antibodies. Patients with TA and normal controls had either no dsDNA antibodies in their sera or very low titres without complement-fixing properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Humoral and cellular immunity in sarcoidosis.

The Kveim reaction was studied in vivo in 50 patients with sarcoidosis. Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Kveim material and a new Danish Kveim material gave 14 and 8 positive reactions respectively, as well as 6 and 8 equivocal reactions. Forty-six of the patients were also tested in vitro for cell mediated immunity to the Danish Kveim material, using both the leucocyte migration agarose technique and the capillary technique. No significant migration inhibition or stimulation were found. A tuberculin skin test was performed in 49 of the patients, and in 45 a dinitrochlorobenzene sensitivity titer was determined. Both tests revealed a depression of the cell mediated immunity. The serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE were determined. The serum of each patient was also examined to determine if organ-non-specific and granulocyte-specific antinuclear factors of IgG class, antibodies against native DNA, rheumatoid factor, mitochondrial antibodies, antibodies against thyroid cytoplasm, and parietal cell antibodies were present. IgG levels were above normal in 28 patients; IgE was above normal in 10 patients, 4 of whom were atopics or had an atopic disposition. Organ-non-specific antinuclear factors were present in 17 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

On acid-base problems in REDY dialysis.

The acid-base status of dialysate and blood during REDY dialysis has been studied. A very low pH (6,90) has been found in the venous blood. However, the predialytic acidosis of the patients is corrected, which is attributed to the acetate supply during dialysis. It is pointed out that the implications of the low venous blood pH are still inadequately investigated.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

On the absorption capacity of the REDY cartridge.

The absorption capacity of the REDY cartridge was investigated exclusively by in vitro experiments. The maximum absorption capacity for urea, phosphate, creatinine, and urinc acid, was found to be respectively 55 g, more than 4 g (phosphorus), 10 g, and more than 7,5 g. The maximum absorption rates of the same substances were found to be 600-800 mg/min., more than 33 mg/min., more than 170 mg/min., and 13 mg/min. respectively. The ability of the cartridge to absorb urea was found to be practically unaffected by 2 mmol of copper and 7 mmol of zinc, and to be unaffected by supraphysiological concentrations of lithium. The amount of exchangeable cations was determined for three cartridges, and found to be 6100, 3800, and 7200 mmol. The cation exchanger was found to act as a buffer, giving the whole cartridge a buffering capacity of 0,6 mol. Of the layers of cation exchanger, anion exchanger, and activated charcoal, only the latter was found to be able to bind urea.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

DNA-antibodies in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

DNA-antibody determinations using the Farr technique and LE cell tests were performed on single serum samples from 55 patients with SLE according to well defined criteria. It was found that the DNA-antibody test was just as sensitive as the LE cell test, and studies of sera from patients with questionable SLE, discoid LE, other connective-tissue diseases, psoriasis, and from healthy persons, indicated that the DNA-antibody test is highly specific for SLE. Neither the DNA-antibody test nor the LE cell test could discriminate between SLE patients with active and inactive disease as estimated by clinical criteria or by the serum concentrations of complement C3 and C4.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nocturnal subcutaneous hyperaemia in the lower leg and foot of type 1 diabetic patients.

Nocturnal fluctuations in subcutaneous blood flow in the lower leg and foot were measured during sleep in Type 1 diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy. Subcutaneous blood flow was measured, simultaneously, 100 mm above the malleolus on the medial aspect of the right lower leg and at the dorsum of the left foot in 10 diabetic patients, and on the right lower leg only in 10 normal human subjects over 12-20 h. The 133Xe wash-out technique, portable CdTe (Cl) detectors and a portable data storage unit were used. The tracer depots were applied by means of the epicutaneous, atraumatic labelling technique. In diabetic patients, subcutaneous blood flow increased 102 +/- 68% in the lower leg and 111 +/- 98% in the foot at 113 +/- 32 min and 107 +/- 37 min, after going to sleep. The hyperaemic phase lasted 128 +/- 43 min and 150 +/- 42 min, respectively. The hyperaemic response was not different from that in the control subjects (89 +/- 61%). There was no significant correlation between the absolute hyperaemia in the leg and that in the foot. In conclusion, Type 1 diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy have normal nocturnal hyperaemia during sleep.

Adipose Tissue↗