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Biomedical subjects

E Christie

Publications and source records attributed to E Christie.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Changing referral patterns to ensure earlier identification of dysfluent pre-schoolers.

There has been a paucity of empirical research reported in the stuttering literature into dysfluency referral patterns and activities which promote early referral. Preliminary results of a three year UK-wide study are presented which illustrate how specific activities can positively influence the referral patterns of general practitioners, health visitors and other professionals. Analysis of pre-project data has identified current UK trends in paediatric dysfluency referrals (n = 2356), from which speech and language therapists (SLTs) can recognise specific aspects for individual service development. The current study describes the pre- and post-project referral trends of 12 community trusts. Data reveal that time lags can be reduced in order that more dysfluent pre-schoolers see a SLT at a clinically optimal time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal 5-oxoprolinuria: difficult-to-diagnose?

A male newborn infant presented with metabolic acidosis and haemolytic anaemia. Renal tubular acidosis was suspected in the absence of amino aciduria and the patient was treated with sodium bicarbonate. Two years later, the chronic acidosis, clinical observation of developmental delay and ataxia prompted further investigational studies. 5-Oxoprolinuria was identified by gas-liquid chromatography and confirmed by mass spectrometry after an initial mass spectrum analysis reported a glutamic acid artifact. Glutathione and glutathione synthetase in erythrocytes were 25% and 5% of control values, respectively. On the basis of neonatal metabolic acidosis, without amino aciduria and an elevated reticulocyte count, a recommendation is made for blood glutathione and urine 5-oxoproline screening, followed by glutathione synthetase assay for confirmation of neonatal 5-oxoprolinuria.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of excystment of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

The excystation of sporozoites from intact Toxoplasma gondii oocysts or mechanically released sporocysts was studied by light and electron microscopy. Both intact oocysts and free sporocysts excysted in 5% bovine bile in 0.9% NaCl solution after 30-60 min incubation at 37C. Sporozoites were first activated in either intact sporocysts or oocysts within 2-12 min of incubation in bile. Sporozoites escaped from sporocysts through 4 plate-like sutures in the sporocyst wall, and from the oocyst as the oocyst wall ruptured at one or more points.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from the feces of naturally infected cats.

Feces of 1,000 cats from a humane shelter in Columbus, Ohio, were examined microscopically for oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii and by inoculation into mice. From the first 541 cats examined, oocysts of Toxoplasma were found in the feces of seven cats but in none of the remaining 459 cats. Results of the dye test in these seven cats showed titers of antibody of less than 1:2 in four cats, and of 1:8, 1:6, and 1:32 in the remaining three cats. The pathogenicity and infectivity of oocysts and cysts of all seven strains were compared in mice after oral and intraperitoneal inoculations. Oocysts and cysts were more pathogenic when administered by the oral route than by the intraperitoneal route. The cysts were less pathogenic than the oocysts. Excellent cross-immunity between six of these seven feline strains and the M-7741 strain was deomonstrated in cats by the fact that oocysts were not shed in feces of cats challenged with cysts of homologous or heterologous strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cross-immunity between Hammondia and Toxoplasma infections in mice and hamsters.

Cross-immunity between six strains of Hammondia hammondi and the M-7741 strain of Toxoplasma gondii was studied in mice and hamsters. Mice and hamsters were inoculated orally with 10(5) H. hammondi oocysts. All mice and hamsters survived. Four weeks later, they were challenged with 1 to 10(5) mean lethal doses (LD50) of the Toxoplasma oocysts. Animals that died were necropsied. Survivors were killed 30 days after challenge inoculation, and the number of cysts in brain and musculature was determined and compared with that of animals that were not immunized with H. hammondi. In one experiment, 36 mice were immunized with each of three H. hammondi strains. Four weeks later the mice were challenged with 1 to 10(5) LD50 doses of T. gondii oocysts. Of 108 mice immunized with H. hammondi, 103 survived challenge with Toxoplasma oocysts for 30 days, whereas only 3 of 36 unimmunized mice survived with similar doses of Toxoplasma oocysts. Fewer Toxoplasma cysts were found in mice immunized with H. hammondi than in unimmunized mice. In another experiment groups of six hamsters were each immunized with one of six H. hammondi strains and then challenged with 10(5) LD50 Toxoplasma oocysts. All unimmunized hamsters died between 9 and 13 days after inoculation. Percent protection in the various groups of immunized hamsters was: 100, 84, 66, 66, 50, and 33.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Prevalence of Sarcocystis infection and other intestinal parasitisms in cats from a humane shelter in Ohio.

Feces of 1,000 cats from a humane shelter in Columbus, Ohio were examined for evidence of intestinal parasitisms. Prevalences (in percentage of oocysts or helminth eggs) were: Sarcocytis sp, 0.2; Toxoplasma-like sp, 1.0; Isospora felis, 6.2; Isopora rivolta, 3.2; Toxocara cati, 25; Capillaria sp, 1.3; Ancylostoma sp, 9.4; Uncinaria sp, 0.2; and Taenia sp, 0.5. Infectivity of coccidia found in feces was tested by oral inoculation into mice and by feeding inoculated mice to cats. Toxoplasma-like oocysts as well as I felis and I rivolta oocysts were infectious to mice. None of 4 Eimeria or the 2 Sarocystis isolates were infectious to mice and cats.

Animals↗