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Biomedical subjects

E Clavijo

Publications and source records attributed to E Clavijo.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Evaluation of three methods to measure anti-Brucella IgM antibodies and interference of IgA in the interpretation of mercaptan-based tests.

The results of a dipstick assay for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) to Brucella smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) correlated with those of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM and of the serum agglutination test (SAT) performed with and without dithiothreitol. Two sera which were dithiothreitol-sensitive and were dipstick negative were shown to contain specific IgA. The dipstick assay is recommended as a simple method for detecting specific IgM antibodies in acute-phase brucellosis patients.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of risk factors associated with nosocomial bacteraemias.

A prospective study of 2676 blood cultures was performed to identify the factors associated with clinically, significant nosocomial bacteraemia that occurred during a one year period in the Malaga University Clinical Hospital. Three hundred and fifty-five episodes of bacteraemia were considered clinically significant. The overall incidence of bacteraemia was 19.5/1000 admissions, of which 46% were hospital-acquired. A multivariate model showed that only six factors were significantly, and independently, responsible for nosocomial bacteraemias: intravascular catheterization (P < 0.0001, OR = 18.37), invasive procedures (P < 0.0001, OR = 10.38), malignancy (P = 0.035, OR = 3.11), indwelling devices (P = 0.005, OR = 3.05), stay in intensive care or surgical departments (P = 0.05, OR = 2.63) and length of hospital stay (P = 0.051, OR = 1.02). These results show that the factors which had most influence on the development of nosocomial bacteraemias were those factors associated with the treatment received by patients during their hospital stay.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Factors affecting the clinical course of bacteremia. Prospective study at a university hospital].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors mainly influencing the mortality of a series of bacteremic patients. METHODS: A prospective study of the clinically significant bacteremias detected in the Hospital Clínico Universitario in Malaga (Spain) over the period from June 1994 to May 1995 was performed. Univariate analysis of the results was carried out with the chi 2 test and multivariate analysis was undertaken by logistic regression (Stepwise backward). RESULTS: The incidence of bacteremia was of 19.5 cases/1,000 admissions and the mortality was of 21.9%. According to the univariate analysis, 11 variables were significantly associated with greater risk death: age > 60 years, stay in the intensive care unit, respiratory diseases as the main diagnosis, etiology by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, absence of fever, septic shock, presence of chronic renal insufficiency, cirrhosis or heart disease with underlying diseases, performance of invasive procedures prior to and hospital stay of less than 10 days. Logistic regression analysis determined the factors which mainly influenced in the prognosis of bacteremia: septic shock (p < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR]: 17.97), cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.004, OR: 9.86), AIDS (p = 0.03; OR: 1.02). CONCLUSIONS: Although the prognosis of bacteremia is strongly influenced by determined conditions of the patient, it may be improved, overall through the control of possible hemodynamic complications of the patients and to a lesser extent by antibiotic treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of the incidence of nephrotoxicity associated with the use of aminoglycosides in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction].

In the present publication we discuss nephrotoxicity (NT) incidence by reviewing all the clinical histories of one year (May 1989-May 1990) with diagnosis of obstructive jaundice or cholangitis. Of a total of 90 patients. 53 were treated with aminoglycosides and 37 received other antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity developed in nine patients of the group that received aminoglycosides (17%), versus only three patients (8%) in the other group. Both groups were comparable regarding sex, age and liver and renal basal functions. Analysis of the variables that could be associated with a higher incidence in the nephrotoxicity group that received aminoglycosides showed that there were no differences regarding age, sex, dosage, duration of treatment, plasmatic levels of aminoglycosides and liver and renal basal functions. Only simultaneous administration o furosemide was significantly associated with the development of nephrotoxicity. Results of this study underline the need of a prospective follow-up of patients with biliary obstruction during treatment with aminoglycosides. Meanwhile the evidence available allows us to recommend the monitoring of renal function in this type of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in laryngeal resistance and bronchial tonus].

The modifications of larynx resistance changing bronchial tone were studied in cats. Changes on bronchial tone were evoked by intravenous administration of Carbachol (10 micrograms/kg) as bronchoconstrictor, and by Fenoterol (10 micrograms/kg) and Isoprenaline (0.1 mg/kg) as bronchodilators. The effects of Carbachol administration after these drugs were also studied. Larynx resistance was measured by the subglottic pressure value using the in situ isolated glottis technique. Subglottic pressure increases after Carbachol administration (p less than 0.001) and decreases after Fenoterol (p less than 0.02) and Isoprenaline (p less than 0.01). When Carbachol was administered after the bronchodilators subglottic pressure values were similar to those observed in control situations. A high positive correlation between changes of subglottic pressure and total lung resistance (p less than 0.01) was also observed. These results could suggest that glottis contraction was reflexively modified by bronchial tone.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of tobacco smoke applied on various levels of the respiratory tract].

The respiratory and cardiovascular reflex responses of tobacco smoke inhaled through an isolated larynx and directly into the lungs were studied in cats. The inhalation of tobacco smoke directly into the lungs showed the following: tachypnea (p less than 0.01), an increase in inspiratory and expiratory pleural pressure (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001) with an increase in total lung resistance (p less than 0.01), a decrease in inspiratory and expiratory subglottic pressure (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.02) and an increase in mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.001) with a non significant slight increase of cardiac rate. The inhalation through an isolated larynx showed: bradypnea (p less than 0.01), a non significative decrease in inspiratory and expiratory pleural pressure with no changes in total lung resistance, and an increase in expiratory subglottic pressure (p less than 0.01) with no changes in inspiratory pressure accompanied by several glottic closures. No changes in arterial pressure and cardiac rate were observed. This study shows the existence of two respiratory reflex responses induced by tobacco smoke depending on the respiratory airway level application.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Correlation between interaction index and killing curve.

Three multiresistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated, by the chequerboard and the killing curve methods, for in-vitro synergy between cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The killing-curve method was standardized to give results comparable with those obtained with the chequerboard test (FIC index). This was achieved with combinations showing synergy by chequerboard (FIC less than or equal to 0.75) by using in the killing curves subinhibitory concentrations: half the MIC in single antibiotic assay and one eighth the MIC in the combinations. For combinations that showed indifference by chequerboard (FIC = 1) half the MIC was used for antibiotics alone and in combination. For the antagonistic combinations by chequerboard (FIC greater than 2) concentrations equal to the MIC were used with single antibiotics and combinations in the killing curve experiments. Prediction of killing curve results could then be obtained with the FIC index. The killing curve results could not be explained by pH changes or inactivation of the antibiotics.

Amikacin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Temporal evolution of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population cared for in a hospital in Málaga].

BACKGROUND: We have studied the incidence of tuberculosis++ disease, HIV infection and their association during a period of 6 years using samples analysed in a third level hospital laboratory. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 21,242 samples for mycobacteria and 63,425 for HIV antibodies were analysed between 1993 and 1998. The protocol used for mycobacteria consisted of Lowenstein-Jensen, hemoculture, biochemical tests for identification and DNA probe. The diagnosis of HIV was performed using screening with mix EIA HIV 1 + 2, confirmed with Western-blot. Spearman coefficient correlation was used for study of tendency. RESULTS: 1,613 samples (7.5%) positive for mycobacteria from 566 patients (98 females and 428 males) aging between 31 and 40 years (46.9%) were detected. The highest incidence for tuberculosis was observed in 1995 (49.2 x 10(5) and was followed by a decreasing linear tendency. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (96%) and M. bovis (2.7%) were most frequent agents. 2,295 samples (3.6%) showed anti-HIV (406 females and 1,889 males). 54.1% of the infected patients belonged to the age interval 21 to 40 years. The highest incidence was observed in 1994 and was followed by a significant decrease (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients co-infected with tuberculosis-HIV was 39.7% with a maximum in 1995 followed by a linear decrease. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of both infections and co-infection was very high in the first triennium and was followed by a progressive decrease. The decrease of HIV preceded tuberculosis. The result suggest a possible epidemiological correlation between both infections.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Conjunctival ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis].

BACKGROUND: Microbiologic diagnosis of conjunctival ophthalmomyiasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material extracted from three patients' conjunctiva who complained of sudden presence of foreign body and were diagnosed as conjunctival ophthalmomyiasis has been studied. Patients were recruited over two months from the Emergency Department. Diagnosis was performed through observation using the light microscope. RESULTS: Oestrus ovis first-instance larvas were observed in all the samples studied. CONCLUSIONS: This observation of similar cases in a short period of time and the low frequency of diseased people who lived in a urban environment makes necessary to think in this agent as cause of ophthalmomyiasis in our area and therefore perform an adequate differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗