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Biomedical subjects

E Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to E Coleman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Male cross-gender behavior in Myanmar (Burma): a description of the acault.

Cross-gender behavior in Myanmar (formerly Burma) is reported. Western concepts of transsexualism, gynemimesis, transvestism, and homosexuality are not distinct categories by the Burmese. Males with cross-gender behavior are referred to as acaults. Although Myanmar is a profoundly Buddhist society, the people still have strong animistic beliefs with an elaborate system of 37 nats (spirit gods). One of these nats is a female named Manguedon who may take possession of males and impart femininity on them. The cross-gender status of the acaults is sanctioned by their spiritual marriage to Manguedon. The acaults, while not envied, are respected for their roles as shamans and seers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of major depression on estimates of intelligence.

This study examined whether patients with major depressive disorder manifest deficits in intelligence during affective episodes and following clinical improvement. WAIS-R scores were contrasted in 100 patients in an episode of major depression with 50 normal controls, matched to the patient sample in terms of demographic variables and estimates of premorbid IQ. The groups were equivalent in verbal IQ, but, in line with previous studies, the depressed patients had a pronounced deficit in performance IQ. A patient subsample was administered the WAIS-R under unlimited time conditions to determine whether the time constraints of performance IQ subtests contributed to the magnitude of the verbal-performance IQ discrepancy. This discrepancy was only slightly reduced with untimed scoring. Subgroups of depressed patients were retested with the WAIS-R within one week (n = 26) or two months (n = 33) following treatment with electroconvulsive therapy. In both subsamples, IQ scores were improved at posttreatment testing relative to pretreatment, but with little change in the verbal-performance IQ discrepancy. These and related findings suggested that a performance IQ deficit is characteristic of depressed patients regardless of affective state.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Changes in leg volume during microgravity simulation.

Little published information exists regarding the magnitude and time course of cephalad fluid shift resulting from microgravity simulations. Six subjects were exposed to 150 min each at horizontal bed rest, 6 degrees head-down tilt, and horizontal water immersion. Fluid shift was estimated by calculating leg volumes from eight serial girth measurements from groin to ankle before, during, and after exposure. Results were compared with data from the first 3 h of spaceflight. By the end of exposure, total leg volume for the six subjects decreased by 2.6 +/- 0.8%, 1.7 +/- 1.2%, and 4.0 +/- 1.6% for horizontal, head-down, and immersion, respectively. Changes had plateaued for horizontal and head-down and had slowed for immersion. Relatively more fluid was lost from the lower leg than the thigh for all three conditions, particularly head-down. During the first 3 h of spaceflight, total leg volume decreased by 8.6%, and relatively more fluid was lost from the thigh than the lower leg. The difference in volume changes in microgravity and simulated microgravity may be caused by the small transverse pressures still present in ground-based simulations and the extremely nonlinear compliance of tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sexual and intimacy dysfunction among homosexual men and women.

Homosexually active men and women are no more immune than anyone else from various types of sexual dysfunction and underlying psychopathology. Intimacy fears and conflicts, ignorance, alcohol and drug dependence and relationship issues exemplify the type of issues influencing dysfunction regardless of sexual orientation, although membership of a stigmatized minority sexuality may exacerbate causes of sexual dysfunction. The effects of discordant lifestyle and identity, homosexual identity formation, dysphoria and internalized homophobia on sexual functioning are three examples of these factors of specific relevance to being homosexual in this culture. The effects of AIDS, difficulties arising from the mechanics of safer sex and the psychosexual effects of oppression on healthy sexual functioning all indicate how factors important to (but not caused by) minority sexuality status may influence sexuality functioning. The importance of neither perceiving homosexuality solely in terms of pathology on the one hand, nor refusing to recognize unhealthy sexual functioning on the other, is emphasized throughout. Models of sexuality must be inclusive, positive and communicated to the client if future sexual dysfunction is to be limited. Finally, the role of the therapist in community development, as well as individual intervention, is addressed. Primary health care interventions are required not only to address the specific issues affecting homosexual men and women, but also to promote a more positive approach to sexuality for all.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Hospital utilization for AIDS: are all hospital days necessary?

This study examined hospital utilization and, specifically, unnecessary hospital days for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a Midwest regional referral center as of June 1987. In 1990 a follow-up study was conducted to measure changes in length of stay (LOS) and unnecessary days. Results show a mean LOS consistent with other studies and a pattern of unnecessary days comprising 14% to 18% respectively of the mean LOS. Admissions in which the patient died and those considered outliers (LOS greater than 36 days) had a trend toward a higher percentage of unnecessary days. Hospital utilization and unnecessary days for patients with AIDS should be an ongoing quality indicator for hospitals experiencing a high volume of persons with AIDS admissions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Effects of fat on insulin-stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in normal men.

We have examined the onset and duration of the inhibitory effect of an intravenous infusion of lipid/heparin on total body carbohydrate and fat oxidation (by indirect calorimetry) and on glucose disappearance (with 6,6 D2-glucose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) in healthy men during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Glycogen synthase activity and concentrations of acetyl-CoA, free CoA-SH, citrate, and glucose-6-phosphate were measured in muscle biopsies obtained before and after insulin/lipid and insulin/saline infusions. Lipid increased insulin-inhibited fat oxidation (+40%) and decreased insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation (-63%) within 1 h. These changes were associated with an increase (+489%) in the muscle acetyl-CoA/free CoA-SH ratio. Glucose disappearance did not decrease until 2-4 h later (-55%). This decrease was associated with a decrease in muscle glycogen synthase fractional velocity (-82%). The muscle content of citrate and glucose-6-phosphate did not change. We concluded that, during hyperinsulinemia, lipid promptly replaced carbohydrate as fuel for oxidation in muscle and hours later inhibited glucose uptake, presumably by interfering with muscle glycogen formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An eating plan and update on recommended dietary practices for the endurance athlete.

This article presents a six-group exchange food plan for the endurance athlete. The plan allows approximately 1,850, 3,460, and 3,760 kcal for a weight reduction diet, general training diet, and carbohydrate-loading intake plan, respectively. Because complex carbohydrate is the primary source of fuel, the training diet and the carbohydrate-loading diet contain 500 g and 600 g carbohydrate, respectively, whereas in the weight reduction plan more than 60% of total energy is carbohydrate. Overall nutrient adequacy of the exchanges and fluid needs for the athlete are discussed. Recommendations and protocol for current dietary practices are given. Dietitians are encouraged to assess the caloric needs of their clients and to individualize the suggested plans in accordance with the needs of each athlete.

Diet↗
PubMed1990

Skoptic syndrome: the treatment of an obsessional gender dysphoria with lithium carbonate and psychotherapy.

Cases of body image pathology are often misdiagnosed. Recognition of the obsessional annoyance with body image, especially with primary and secondary sex characteristics (skoptic syndrome), is important in making a differential diagnosis with other psychiatric and gender identity disorders. We have reported the successful use of lithium carbonate in treating two cases of skoptic syndrome. The initial low dosage (600 mg./day) resulted in dramatic reversal of obsessional thoughts of self-mutilization and self-castration. Increased dosages (900 mg./day) are still well below those usually used for manic-depressive illness. Our choice of lithium carbonate was prompted by our experience in successfully treating other forms of sexually related dysphorias at low doses, its ability to act rapidly, and the minimal side effects. These changes have been dramatic and lasting. In addition, there was marked lessening of dysthymia and intense anhedonia manifested by severe isolation, listlessness, and apathy. We believe that these cases are important to report in order that psychotherapists make better differential diagnoses of psychiatric disorders related to body image pathology and gender identity disorders. We also feel it is important to report a medication which was found effective in reducing the threat of self-mutilating behavior and making patients more receptive to psychotherapy. These cases increase our understanding of sexually obsessive and compulsive drives and some methods which have been found efficacious in reducing these symptoms.

Body Image↗
PubMed1989

Use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of autoerotic asphyxia.

We report the successful use of lithium carbonate to promptly extinguish life-threatening behavior in a case of autoerotic asphyxia occurring in a 26-year-old male. In addition to his paraphilia, the patient met the DSM-III-R criteria for dysthymia, and had an avoidant personality disorder secondary to verbal, physical and sexual abuse inflicted during childhood and adolescence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The development of male prostitution activity among gay and bisexual adolescents.

The current research literature regarding male-juvenile prostitution activity is reviewed. An attempt is made to develop some theoretical understanding of the development of this activity among gay and bisexual adolescents. A predisposition, resulting from faulty psychosexual and psychosocial development, appears to make these boys vulnerable to the situational variables that they encounter. More severe disruptions in psychosexual and psychosocial development seem to result in more destructive and non-ego-enhancing prostitution activities. A clinical case study is presented which illustrates the development of this activity. Recommendations are made to help reduce the amount of self-destructive prostitution activity among male adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of neurotransmitter metabolite concentrations in canine cerebrospinal fluid.

The concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in CSF obtained from the cisterna magna of 21 nonneurologically compromised dogs were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. A rapid method of sample preparation, which involved single filtration through a deproteinizing membrane, was used. Canine CSF obtained in this manner contained 5.78 +/- 0.78 ng of DOPAC/ml, 72.19 +/- 4.09 ng of HVA/ml, and 29.95 +/- 1.67 ng of 5-HIAA/ml. Linear regression analysis between HVA and 5-HIAA yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.4804. The neurotransmitter index, HVA/5-HIAA, was found to be more indicative of the dopaminergic metabolite HVA than the acid metabolite of serotonin, 5-HIAA (correlation coefficient with HVA = 0.5529 vs a correlation coefficient with 5-HIAA = -0.4462). A poor relationship (correlation coefficient = -0.1715) was found to exist between the 2 dopaminergic metabolites DOPAC and HVA in the CSF.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1988

A rostrocaudal gradient for neurotransmitter metabolites and a caudorostral gradient for protein in canine cerebrospinal fluid.

Neurotransmitter metabolites (dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC], homovanillic acid [HVA], and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]) in CSF of 10 healthy dogs were evaluated with reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Neurotransmitter metabolite concentrations determined in CSF collected from the cisterna magna were compared with those values in CSF collected from the lumbar dorsal subarachnoid space. Amounts of DOPAC (P = 0.0444), HVA (P = 0.0001), and 5-HIAA (P = 0.0316) were significantly lower in lumbar spinal fluid compared with those values in the cervical spinal fluid. Metabolite concentrations in cervical and lumbar CSF were: DOPAC = 2.81 +/- 0.73 ng/ml of CSF and 1.28 +/- 0.57 ng/ml; HVA = 98.29 +/- 12.42 ng/ml and 4.68 +/- 1.61 ng/ml; and 5-HIAA = 46.29 +/- 8.17 ng/ml and 36.96 +/- 4.07 ng/ml, respectively. Cytologic evaluations of cervical and lumbar CSF revealed a similar concentration of 3 +/- 1 WBC/microliters in both fluids. A significant (P = 0.0002) difference in protein concentration between the 2 regions was observed, with 16.1 +/- 1.8 mg of protein/dl in the cervical CSF and 27.2 +/- 2.3 mg of protein/dl in the lumbar CSF. Between the cisterna magna and lumbar dorsal subarachnoid space of dogs, a rostrocaudal gradient existed for neurotransmitter metabolites, and a caudorostral gradient existed for protein.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Assessment of sexual orientation.

This paper reviews the multitude of methods which have been utilized to assess sexual orientation. The basic assumption of most of the previous methods of assessment is that sexual orientation is determined by one's gender or genitalia and the gender or genitalia of the individual one is attracted to. This assumption is challenged and the complexity of sexual orientation is illustrated. Consequently, a model for assessment of sexual orientation is proposed which includes nine dimensions: current relationship status, self-identification identity, ideal self-identification identity, global acceptance of their current sexual orientation identity, physical identity, gender identity, sex-role identity, and sexual orientation identity as measured by behavior, fantasies and emotional attachments, and finally the individual's past and present perception of their sexual identity compared to their idealized future.

Female↗