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Biomedical subjects

E Collins

Publications and source records attributed to E Collins.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Peritoneal closure or non-closure at cesarean.

The value of peritoneal closure at the time of cesarean birth was evaluated prospectively. Two hundred forty-eight women undergoing low transverse cesarean through a Pfannenstiel skin incision were assigned to one of two groups: peritoneum open (N = 127) or peritoneum closed (N = 121). The mean (+/- SEM) surgical time in the open group (48.1 +/- 1.2 minutes) was significantly less than for the closed group (53.2 +/- 1.4 minutes) (P less than .005). There were no postoperative differences between the groups in the incidence of wound infection, dehiscence, endometritis, ileus, and length of hospital stay. Our study suggests that leaving the parietal peritoneum unsutured is an acceptable way to manage patients at cesarean delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A three-dimensional system for long-term culture of human colorectal adenomas.

Studies of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colon and rectum have been limited by the paucity of experimental models of adenoma growth and progression. Progress recently was reported in the development of monolayer culture systems. The principal objective of this study was to develop a primary culture system for colorectal adenomas that would simulate three-dimensional in vivo growth. We used a calcium alginate encapsulation technique that was previously described for established tumor cell lines. Briefly, fresh resected specimens were washed, minced into small multicellular particles called microadenomas, and encapsulated in 1% calcium alginate pellets. The pellets were maintained in minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 degrees C in humidified atmosphere of 95% air, 5% CO2. Ten of eleven adenomas, including six tubular, three tubulovillous, and one villous have been successfully cultured for 34 to 162 days. Cell viability was confirmed histologically by light and electron microscopy. The cells were characterized as epithelial by morphologic features and ultrastructural studies, which showed a high degree of cellular differentiation, including villous brush borders and many desmosomes. Both tubular and villuslike structures have been observed in vitro, correlating in some cases with the histology of the parent adenoma. Measurements of proliferative activity by [3H]thymidine autoradiography or immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 demonstrated growth fractions of 9% to 25%. A simple, highly efficient primary culture system was developed for the long-term maintenance of adenomas that promotes three-dimensional growth patterns and growth rates analogous to those seen in vivo. This model provides an opportunity to develop an experimental system for longitudinal studies of pathologic and molecular parameters in adenoma progression to carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Giant parapox infection in a two year old child.

We report the case of a two year old boy who developed a large tumour on his face. The lesion resembled a pyogenic granuloma clinically and histologically. Viral studies indicated a parapox infection and a bovine source was supported on epidemiological grounds. The lesion was removed by shave excision and the area healed without significant scarring.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Controlled trial of mobilisation and manipulation for low back pain: hospital patients.

Ninety-four patients with non-specific lumbar pain referred to hospital rheumatology and orthopaedic clinics participated in a double-blind controlled trial comparing mobilisation and manipulation with placebo physiotherapy. Results were assessed immediately after the tratment course, two months later, and at one year. Many patients showed improvement, but in contrast to a study on general-practitioner patients with nonspecific back pain no definite advantage could be associated with mobilisation and manipulation. The benefits of mobilisation and manipulation for low back pain are probably restricted to hastening recovery in patients likely rapidly to improve spontaneously. Hence patients whose severity and duration of symptoms warrant specialist referral are less likely to benefit from the technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Decubitus ulcers: a comparative study.

Seventeen patients with thirty-four decubitus ulcers were treated with dextranomer, collagenase, or sugar and egg white. All seven patients in the dextranomer group and two of five patients in the collagenase group improved at the end of the study, but none of the five patients on sugar and egg white treatment improved. Although collagenase can be helpful in the treatment of decubitus ulcers, dextranomer is significantly better.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Six children affected by maternal alcoholism.

Six children affected by the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are described. Their ages vary from newborn to 15 years. All had multigravid, alcoholic mothers. All have the facial features of the FAS, and prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Four have additional congenital anomalies, and at least four are mentally retarded. These children are described to increase awareness of the FAS in Australia, whose population has a high and changing pattern of alcohol consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Controlled trial of mobilisation and manipulation for patients with low back pain in general practice.

Ninety-four patients with non-specific lumbar pain who were seen by their general practitioners took part in a double-blind controlled trial to compare mobilisation and manipulation with placebo physiotherapy. Immediately after treatment most patients showed improvements in the various features studied, but for several features improvement was more common in the treated group than the controls. At three months the condition of most patients was still improved but the differences between the two groups had largely disappeared. At one year the groups were identical. Prognostic presenting features were sought, but only a shorter history correlated with clinical improvement. This study indicates the high rate of spontaneous resolution of low back pain. A course of mobilisation and manipulation may hasten improvement but does not affect the long-term prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Rubella vaccination in Australia: 2. Experience with the RA27/3 rubella vaccine and results of a double-blind trial in schoolgirls.

RA27/3 rubella vaccine (Almevax) was used for the first time in Australia. The seroconversion rate was similar to that seen with Cendehill vaccine (Cedevax), but there were fewer subjects with low antibody titres after Almevax vaccine. Although Almevax vaccine was associated with a significantly higher incidence of sore throat, rash and joint involvement in seronegative adults, the incidence of side effects in a double-blind trial in schoolgirls was similar for the two vaccines, and the morbidity was low in both groups. Almevax vaccination successfully boosted low antibody titres in 11 of 14 women who had previously responded poorly to Cendevax vaccination. It would be difficult to differentiate the better vaccine for the schoolgirl programme. In some clinical situations, however, one vaccine has advantages over the other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Maternal effects of regular salicylate ingestion in pregnancy.

6.6% of all Australian patients attending an antenatal clinic were found to be taking salicylate preparations regularly, most commonly in powder form and almost always as self-medication. In this group of salicylate takers there was an increased incidence of anaemia, anti-partum and post-partum haemorrhage, prolonged gestation, complicated deliveries, and perinatal mortality compared with non-takers. These findings suggest that regular salicylate consumption has detrimental effects in pregnancy. Routine antenatal urinary screening for salicylate in pregnancy is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Fetal effects of regular salicylate ingestion in pregnancy.

The babies of 144 mothers who took salicylates regularly in pregnancy are described. These babies had a significantly reduced birth-weight compared with controls; many of them had a raised cord-blood salicylate level but had no clinical evidence of bleeding or hypoglycaemia. Their perinatal mortality was increased, but the incidence of congenital anomalies was not significantly raised.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗