PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Condom

Publications and source records attributed to E Condom.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Subperiosteal leiomyosarcoma of the tibia.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone is a rare malignant tumor of smooth muscle. We report a case of low-grade subperiosteal primary bone leiomyosarcoma in the tibial diaphysis, which radiologically appeared to be osteoid osteoma. A 35-year-old man presented with a several-year history of a palpable hard nodule in the distal left leg, which had enlarged and become painful over the previous 2 years. Radiographs showed solid periosteal reaction with a well-defined lytic lesion in the posteromedial cortical border of the left tibial diaphysis. Computed tomography demonstrated a small, well-defined lytic lesion, not calcified, in a subperiosteal location, surrounded by solid periosteal bone formation. The lesion was excised en bloc and the histological diagnosis of a low-grade leiomyosarcoma was made. To the best of our knowledge, the surface location of primary bone leiomyosarcoma has not been previously described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Lung resistance-related protein as a predictor of clinical outcome in advanced testicular germ-cell tumours.

This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and predictive value for outcome of multidrug resistance-associated (MDR) proteins P-glycoprotein (Pgp), MRP1, BCRP, and LRP, in advanced testicular germ-cell tumours (TGCT). Paraffin-embedded sections from 56 previously untreated patients with metastatic TGCT were immunostained for Pgp, MRP1, BCRP, and LRP. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy after orchidectomy. Immunostaining was related to clinicopathological parameters, response to chemotherapy, and outcome. Strong and intermediate expressions of the different MDR-related proteins were: 27 and 41% (Pgp), 54 and 37% (MRP1), 86 and 7% (BCRP), and 14 and 29% (LRP). P-glycoprotein and MRP1 associated, respectively, to low AFP (P=0.026) and high LDH levels (P=0.014), whereas LRP expression associated with high beta-hCG levels (P=0.003) and stage IV tumours (P=0.029). No correlation was found between Pgp, MRP1, and BCRP expression and response to chemotherapy and survival. In contrast, patients with LRP-positive tumours (strong or intermediate expression) had shorter progression-free (P=0.0006) and overall survival (P=0.0116) than LRP-negative patients, even after individual log-rank adjustments by statistically associated variables. Our data suggest that a positive LRP immunostaining at the time of diagnosis in metastatic TGCT is associated with an adverse clinical outcome.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed2003

Importance of tumoral markers in donors: study of prostate-specific antigen.

UNLABELLED: We established a protocol to determine the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in male donors of 50 years or older, and to histologically examine the prostate glands. From January 1997 to December 2002 we analysed serum PSA in 51 cases, of which it was normal in 34 and high in 17. Prostate glands were examined histologically in 13 of the high PSA cases. Donors were classified according to the PSA level and histology: donors with high PSA values and adenocarcinoma or high-grade PIN (group A, n=6); donors with elevated PSA but no malignancy (group B, n=7); and donors with normal PSA (group C, n=34). The ages, days in hospital, and causes of death were similar among the 3 groups. The levels of PSA were significantly higher among group A than group B or group C, but were similar between group B and C. The list of transplanted organs is as follows: 5 organs of group A; 8 organs of group B; and 59 organs of group C. CONCLUSIONS: High PSA levels seem show 2 patterns: (1) small increases of PSA related to donors with no prostate cancer, and (2) high levels of PSA related to the presence of prostate cancer, as is the case in the general population. The incidence of prostate cancer in overall male donors was 3.1%. Due to this high incidence, we believe it is important to determine PSA levels to diagnose prostate cancer in older donors. A separate consideration is what to do with the organs of those donors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Light and electron microscopic analysis of liver biopsy samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy.

OBJECTIVE: We study liver damage in forty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) and assess histological changes after four years of treatment with methotrexate (MTX). PATIENTS AND METHODS: liver biopsies (LB) were taken before and after four years of treatment. Patients received weekly doses of between 7.5-15 mg of MTX. RESULTS: Fourteen per cent of the baseline LB presented mild perisinusoidal fibrosis (Roenigk IIIA) and the rest a lower Roenigk grade; EM identified an increase in collagen fibers in the Disse spaces in 50% of baseline LB. Neither microscopy technique revealed histological progression in any of the sequential LB. Variables that correlated with histological abnormalities were patient's age, length of evolution of the disease, alcohol consumption and biochemical data (gammaglutamate transferase and albumin); the cumulative dose of MTX was not correlated with worse histological findings. Correlation between the two microscopy techniques was good, though EM was more sensitive than LM for the detection of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: RA patients present with liver damage before treatment with MTX. The alterations are mild. At low doses MTX treatment is safe. In addition to the recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology, other factors associated with liver impairment are patient's age and length of evolution of the RA.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Presentation of 23 cases and review of 134 published cases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological diagnostic criteria and biology of the urinary bladder small cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Study of 23 cases of bladder SCC, looking for the clinical presentation, pathological features and evolution, and review of 134 previously published cases. RESULTS: The SCC is infrequent (0.48-1%), 50% of them have areas of transitional cell carcinoma, supporting the metaplastic theory. The classic small cell morphology is the best diagnostic criterion. The neurone-specific enolase and chromogranin A are good markers, but not indispensable. An early metastatic incidence (56%) with a high mortality rate (68.7%), mostly before 2 years after the diagnosis, is the typical evolution. Only the patients with additional cis-platinum-based chemotherapy have better prognosis. CONCLUSION: The pathologist should watch out for the presence of SCC and the urologist should consider the possibility of combined treatment for these cases.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Cold ischemia in the absence of alloreactivity induces chronic transplant nephropathy through a process mediated by the platelet-activating factor.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury is considered a risk factor for the development of chronic transplant nephropathy (CTN) although the mechanisms that mediate its effects have not been completely established. We have previously shown that treatment with a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist (UR12670) protected kidneys from the progression to chronic nephropathy induced by warm ischemia. Here we examine the contribution of cold ischemia to the development of late functional and structural kidney changes in rats subjected to syngeneic renal transplantation and the role of PAF in this chronic nephropathy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Lewis rats were used as kidney donors and recipients, which were transplanted either immediately or after a cold ischemia period of 5 hr. Contralateral nephrectomy was performed on the seventh day after transplantation. Cyclosporine was administered for 15 days after transplantation. Groups were as follows: Sy, immediate transplantation; SyI, transplantation after 5 hr of cold ischemia; SyIUr, transplantation after 5 hr of cold ischemia plus UR12670 from the transplantation day to the end of the study, at 24 weeks. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and proteinuria were determined every 4 weeks. Urinary

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Protocol renal allograft biopsies and the design of clinical trials aimed to prevent or treat chronic allograft nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The minimum sample size to perform a clinical trial aimed to modify the natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is very large. Since the presence of chronic tubulointerstitial damage in renal protocol biopsy specimens is an independent predictor of late outcome, we evaluated whether protocol biopsies could facilitate the design of trials aimed to prevent or treat CAN. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-two protocol biopsy specimens were obtained 3 months after transplantation in 280 patients with serum creatinine levels <300 micromol/L, proteinuria <1000 mg/day, and stable function. The specimens were evaluated according to the Banff criteria. RESULTS: Graft survival depended on the presence of CAN and renal transplant vasculopathy (RTV). Thus, biopsy specimens were classified as: (a) no CAN (n=174); (b) CAN without RTV (n=87); and (c) CAN with RTV (n=21). Graft survival at 10 years was 95%, 82%, and 41%, respectively (P=0.001). Total serum cholesterol before transplantation was 4.5+/-1.1, 4.6+/-1.1, and 5.3+/-1.6 mmol/L, respectively (P=0.009) and it was the only predictor of RTV. Power analysis (beta=20%, alpha=5%) was done to evaluate whether protocol biopsies can facilitate the design of clinical trials aimed either to prevent or treat CAN. We showed that the most feasible approach would be to use the presence of CAN as the primary efficacy end point in a prevention trial. To demonstrate a 50% reduction in the incidence of CAN at 3 months, 570 patients would be required. CONCLUSIONS: Protocol biopsies may allow a reduction of sample size and especially the time of follow-up in a trial aimed to prevent CAN.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic value of the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin in bladder cancer.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic effect of the expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and CD44 adhesion molecules in bladder carcinoma. 22 superficial and 18 invasive bladder tumour samples were studied by immunohistochemistry. The median follow-up was 24 months (range: 1-50 months). Loss of E-cadherin and beta-catenin immunoreactivity was found in 14 (35%) and 17 (43%) tumours, respectively, and was significantly associated with invasiveness, high grade and p53 overexpression. There was no correlation between CD44 variant expression and clinicopathological findings. Loss of E-cadherin expression was an independent predictor of poor survival in a multivariate analysis, when assessed with age, grade, stage and p53 status (hazards ratio adjusted (HRa)=4.45 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-18.63]). This effect was particularly augmented in patients with invasive bladder cancer. When expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin were evaluated simultaneously, loss of immunoreactivity of both proteins was a strong predictor of poor survival (HRa=13.06 [95% CI, 0.95-178.55]). The same pattern was found when progression-free survival in relation to these variables was assessed. In conclusion, assessment of E-cadherin and beta-catenin immunoreactivity may be a useful prognostic marker in bladder cancer complementary to established prognostic factors.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Influence of nephron mass in development of chronic renal failure after prolonged warm renal ischemia.

The present study examined the long-term consequences of warm renal ischemia (WRI) with or without renal ablation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were subjected to 60 min of complete WRI by pedicle clamping and then followed for 52 wk. Animals were organized into four groups: rats in which both kidneys were subjected to warm ischemia (2WIK); rats with left WRI and right nephrectomy (1WIK); uninephrectomized rats with a left nonischemic kidney (1NK); and sham-operated rats (2NK). Additional animals were studied at 24 h, 7 days, and 16 and 32 wk. In the first week after WRI, rats from the 2WIK and 1WIK groups displayed a similar degree of acute renal damage. After recovering from acute renal failure, 1WIK rats developed progressive and severe proteinuria, whereas it was mild in the 2WIK group, as well as in the 1NK and 2NK groups. Only animals from the 1WIK group developed severe chronic renal failure, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) gene, which was associated with increased TGF-beta(1) protein expression in tubular epithelial cells, arterioles, and in areas of mononuclear interstitial cell infiltrate. On the contrary, long-term renal TGF-beta(1) expression, function, and histology were similar in 2WIK and 2NK rats. The present study shows that prolonged bilateral WRI, when both kidneys are retained in place, induces very mild long-term renal lesions as opposed to the severe renal scarring observed when WRI is combined with contralateral nephrectomy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

Long-term protective effect of UR-12670 after warm renal ischemia in uninephrectomized rats.

BACKGROUND: The phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) participates in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, and in vitro, it induces synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins by mesangial and tubular epithelial cells. This study investigated the long-term effects of the potent orally active PAF antagonist UR-12670 in warm ischemic uninephrectomized rats, which was given according to different therapeutic schedules. METHODS: Uninephrectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and were followed for 52 weeks: rats without ischemia (SK); ischemic kidney for 60 minutes (SIK); ischemic kidney and UR-12670 from 0 to the 7th day (UR 0-7); ischemic kidney and UR-12670 from day 0 to 52 weeks (UR 0-E); and ischemic kidney and UR-12670 from day 8 to week 52 (UR 8-E). Two more groups (ischemic and UR treated) served to evaluate the UR-12670-protective effect on ischemic acute renal failure at one week. RESULTS: UR-12670 administration exerted functional and morphological protection against post-ischemic acute renal failure. The ischemic untreated (SIK) group developed progressive proteinuria from week 12. The onset of proteinuria in ischemic UR-12670-treated groups was delayed to the 24th week, and it was significantly lower than in SIK group throughout the study. Only SIK and ischemic-treated UR 0-7 rats presented with chronic renal failure, as shown by creatinine, creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal plasma flow (GFR 52 weeks: SK, 2525 +/- 267; SIK, 992 +/- 149; UR 0-7, 1551 +/- 385 microliter/min). Kidneys from the short-term treated group (UR 0-7) showed a reduction of glomerulosclerosis (SK, 14.4 +/- 3.7; SIK, 75.7 +/- 7.7; UR 0-7, 41. 5 +/- 8.5%) and vascular myointimal hyperplasia, but the tubulointerstitial damage (tubulointerstitial score: SK, 0.2 +/- 0. 2; SIK, 4.4 +/- 0.5; UR 0-7, 3.7 +/- 0.7) was similar to that in the ischemic untreated group. Long-term ischemic treated rats (UR 0-E, UR 8-E) did not develop chronic renal failure (GFR: UR 0-E, 2059 +/- 314; UR 8-E, 2410 +/- 208 microliter/min). In these groups, glomerulosclerosis (UR 0-E, 32.8 +/- 5.8; UR 8-E, 24.3 +/- 3.0%), tubulointerstitial damage (tubulointerstitial score: UR 0-E, 2.1 +/- 0.5; UR 8-E, 1.9 +/- 0.3) and vascular myointimal hyperplasia were significantly lower than in the ischemic untreated group. By in situ hybridization, an increase of transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression in glomerular and tubular cells was observed in ischemic untreated and ischemic treated UR 0-7 rats. UR-12670 long-term treated rats showed a clear reduction of transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA-positive glomerular cells. CONCLUSION: The chronic administration of the PAF antagonist UR-12670 attenuates the long-term effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in uninephrectomized rats. The beneficial effect of this agent, even when given beyond the initial ischemia/reperfusion injury, suggests that PAF plays a role in the mechanisms of progression to late renal damage in this model.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

Prevention of cold ischaemia-reperfusion injury by an endothelin receptor antagonist in experimental renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Endothelin (ET) is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of warm ischaemic renal damage, however, little is known about its involvement in renal cold ischaemia. This study was designed to investigate the response of ET after kidney cold ischaemia, and to assess the potential protective effect of bosentan, a dual, non-selective ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, against cold ischaemia reperfusion injury in a rat model of syngeneic renal transplantation. METHODS: Kidneys from Lewis rats were transplanted, either immediately or after 5 h of cold preservation. After 48 h, contralateral nephrectomy was performed. Rats were organized into three groups: Tr-NoISC, no cold ischaemia; Tr-ISC, 5 h cold ischaemia; and Tr-BOS, 5 h cold ischaemia plus bosentan (100 mg/kg/day, from the day before transplantation until the seventh day post-transplantation). On day 7, plasma and tissue immunoreactive ET (irET), as well as ET mRNA tissue expression, were evaluated. Renal function was measured by means of serum creatinine on days 3, 4, 5 and 7, and by creatinine clearance on day 7. Conventional histology was performed. RESULTS: The ischaemic group had significantly higher plasma irET levels than the non-ischaemic group and significantly lower levels than the bosentan group. Tissue irET levels and ET mRNA expression were similar in the ischaemic and bosentan groups and were higher than in the non-ischaemic group. Throughout the follow-up, serum creatinine was significantly higher in the ischaemic group than in the bosentan group. Moreover, creatinine decreased rapidly in the bosentan group after nephrectomy, whereas it continued to increase for 48 h in the ischaemic group. Kidneys from the ischaemic group showed a higher degree of tubular-cell necrosis and epithelial-cell detachment than kidneys from the bosentan group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cold ischaemia and preservation damage induces an increase in renal ET mRNA and irET expression in the reperfusion phase, contributing both to the deterioration of renal function and to tubular necrosis. Bosentan is effective in protecting kidneys from this cold ischaemia reperfusion damage. Non-selective ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonists might be potentially useful in clinical renal transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prognostic factors in leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a clinicopathologic study of 160 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors for systemic involvement and long-term course in leukocytoclastic vasculitis. DESIGN: A clinicopathological study of 160 patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis followed up for at least 3 years. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted by logistic regression methods. SETTING: The Bellvitge Hospital, a referral center in Barcelona, Spain. PATIENTS: One hundred sixty patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Patients in the categories cutaneous/systemic vasculitis and acute/chronic cutaneous vasculitis were selected for comparative analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings. RESULTS: Of 89 females and 71 males, aged 14 to 89 years, systemic involvement was documented in 20% of cases. Perinuclear-staining antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies were found in 21% of patients and cryoglobulins in 25.4%. Of the patients, 1.9% died of systemic vasculitis. The average duration of cutaneous lesions was 27.9 months. In 67.2%, a cause or associated condition was identified. Of the skin specimens, 59.6% showed vasculitis limited to superficial dermal vessels. Direct immunofluorescence was positive in 84.3% of cases. In the multivariate analysis, paresthesia, fever, and absence of painful lesions were found to be risk factors for systemic involvement. Cryoglobulins, arthralgia, and normal temperature were risk factors for chronic cutaneous disease. CONCLUSION: Our results identify prognostic factors in leukocytoclastic vasculitis and may provide some aid in the management of this heterogeneous group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Oncogenic osteomalacia: case report and review of head and neck associated tumours.

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an uncommon syndrome characterized by mineral metabolism abnormalities that disappear after the resection of an associated tumour. Head and neck is the second most frequent location of these tumours. We describe a case with an ethmoido-frontal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour and review oncogenic osteomalacia-associated tumours. Among 21 cases found, 57 per cent affected the sinonasal area and 20 per cent the mandible. The diagnosis of the tumour lasted a mean of 4.7 years from the onset of osteomalacia, and most of them showed a significant vascular component. An aggressive surgical approach is recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Plasma and mucosal fatty acid pattern in colectomized ulcerative colitis patients.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased plasma n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients persists six months after colectomy, suggesting a primary abnormality in fatty acid (FA) metabolism in IBD. This finding needed to be confirmed in a larger series of UC long-term colectomized patients. We aimed to assess the plasma FA pattern in UC colectomized patients with either Brooke's ileostomy (UC-BI) or ileal pouch anal anastomosis (UC-IPAA) and the mucosal FA pattern in the ileal reservoir of the UC-IPAA patients. Plasma FAs were assessed in 63 UC colectomized patients (31 with BI and 32 with IPAA) and 30 controls. In 26 UC-IPAA (8 with pouchitis and 18 without pouchitis) and in 13 healthy controls gut mucosal FAs were also investigated. FAs were detected by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. Increased levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and decreased percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were observed in both groups of patients. There were no changes in plasma n3 and n6 PUFAs. The mucosal FA pattern of the ileal reservoir consisted of increased long-chain PUFAs, specially n6 PUFA, and a decrease of their essential precursors. High percentages of SFAs and low percentages of MUFAs were also seen. The plasma FA profile previously described in IBD is not observed long-term after colectomy in UC, suggesting that it is related with the presence of inflamed intestine. High concentrations of SFAs and decreased percentages of MUFAs might represent early events in disturbed FA metabolism in IBD. The changes in FAs of the ileal reservoir, which closely resemble those found in human and experimental IBD, probably represent a common pattern of intestinal inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist on hyperacute xenograft rejection; evaluation in a pig kidney-human blood xenoperfusion model.

In pig to human discordant xenotransplantation, PAF may contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR). We examined the release of PAF and the effect of a PAF receptor antagonist (BN 52021) on HXR in a pig kidney-human blood xenoperfusion model. Pig kidneys were perfused with porcine blood (AUTO group, n = 5), human blood (HETER group, n = 6) or human blood plus BN 52021 (BN group, n = 4), respectively. In contrast to HETER kidneys that never produced urine and were rejected in 15-30 min, the administration of BN 52021 induced a partial recovery of glomerular filtration rate and allowed kidneys to function until the end of the study. The release of PAF and soluble P-selectin, as well as endothelial P-selectin expression and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), were much higher in the HETER than in the AUTO group. HETER and BN kidneys displayed similar natural xenoantibody titres, CH50, PAF, soluble P-selectin as well as renal immunoglobulin (IgM, IgG, IgA) and complement (C3, C1q) deposition. However, HETER kidneys displayed a full histologic picture of HXR (mainly interstitial haemorrhage and vascular microthrombi) and BN kidneys had only endothelial cell swelling. Also, BN 52021 administration attenuated glomerular and vascular P-selectin expression and renal tissue MPO activity. We conclude that in the pig kidney-human blood xenoperfusion model, PAF is produced in higher amounts than in the pig kidney-pig blood autologous combination. The administration of BN 52021 exerts a protective effect by means of attenuating the acute inflammatory response and blocking vascular microthrombi formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Factors related to the presence of IgA class antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVES: Few studies have assessed the IgA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity in ulcerative colitis patients and there is no information about factors related to its synthesis and its status after colectomy. The aims of the study were to assess the serum IgA ANCA prevalence in ulcerative colitis patients, both nonoperated and operated, and to determine the clinical factors related to this positivity. METHODS: Fifty-four ulcerative colitis patients, 63 ulcerative colitis colectomized patients (32 with Brooke's ileostomy and 31 with ileal pouch anal anastomosis), and 24 controls were studied. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were detected by specific indirect immunofluorescent assays. RESULTS: The percentage of IgA ANCA was significantly higher in patients with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (45%) than in patients with Brooke's ileostomy (22%). There were no differences related to the presence of pouchitis in ileal pouch anal anastomosis patients. Patients with nonoperated extensive colitis (47%) had a significantly higher percentage of IgA ANCA than patients with proctitis (19%). Total percentage of ANCA (IgA and/or IgG) tended to be higher in ulcerative colitis and in patients with ileal pouch anal anastomosis than in patients with Brooke's ileostomy. However, in ileal pouch anal anastomosis patients, ANCA positivity was mainly due to exclusive IgA production. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial percentage of ulcerative colitis patients, and especially colectomized patients with ileal pouch anal anastomosis, had IgA ANCA, suggesting that ANCA production in ulcerative colitis might be stimulated by an immune reaction in the intestinal mucosa.

Adult↗