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Biomedical subjects

E D Albert

Publications and source records attributed to E D Albert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A likelihood approach to HLA serology.

A likelihood approach to HLA serology has been developed in which the aim is not to define a recognition set for a serum but to describe the serum's ability to react with each and every antigen in the test cells, this ability being quantified in terms of the probability of a positive reaction. For a given set of probabilities, one for each antigen, it is possible to derive the probability of the observed set of reactions (the likelihood of the set of probabilities). The maximum possible value of the likelihood for any possible combination of the probability set can then be sought, but this requires a maximization of likelihood with respect to 60-100 independent parameters. Theoretical considerations of the shape of the likelihood surface prove that, in this particular case, this is a feasible proposition. This approach allows the recognition of three groups of antigens: those for which there is considerable evidence of a specificity, those for which there is either no specificity or a very weak specificity, and those for which there is insufficient evidence on which to base a conclusion. The existence of a specificity can be tested using a log likelihood ratio as a statistic, but the usual assumption of a chi 2 distribution of this statistic cannot automatically be made in this situation. Therefore, the distribution is estimated by simulation. A serologist using this approach would receive considerably more information as to the serum's reaction patterns and valid statistics for the existence, or not, of a specificity.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMed1979

HLA-A, -B, and -D antigens in paralytic poliomyelitis.

Sixty-two unrelated Caucasian patients from the Munich area who had had paralytic poliomyelitis in the 1950s and the early 1960s were analyzed. HLA-A and -B typing was performed for 26 antigens. HLA-D tying was done using six different established homozygous typing cells defining the specificities Dw1-Dw5 and Dw11, plus one locally defined typing cell. None of the HLA-A, -B or -D determinants showed a significant deviation in frequency from control populations. Of interest may be a decrease of B8 and an increase of Bw16 (Bw38/39) and B27, but these deviations are not significant in their P values are corrected for the number of comparisons made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Phagocytosis of monocytes in cancer patients.

The phagocytic activity of monocytes directed at yeast particles was investigated in patients with untreated malignant tumors and in normal controls. Phagocytic activity was found to be significantly increased in the patients. It could be shown that the increased activity is caused by factors contained in the patient's plasma. These factors are only partly destroyed by heat inactivation, suggesting that both heat labile and heat stabile factors are contributing to the observed enhancing effect on phagocytic activity. The heat labile portion could well be the complement component C5, while the heat stabile portion is so far undefined.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

HLA--D typing in 72 psoriasis vulgaris patients: distribution of seven HLA--D alleles.

The phenotype distribution of seven HLA--D alleles among 72 unrelated Psoriasis vulgaris patients was investigated. Statistically significant deviation from the antigen frequency in healthy donors was found for a new HLA--D allele, locally designated EI, with a relative risk value of 5.97. This observation indicates that Psoriasis vulgaris belongs to the group of diseases with associations to HLA--B as well as HLA--D alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1978

Matching for DLA-A, DLA-B and DLA-D antigens and skin allograft survival in unrelated beagle dogs.

The effect of matching for immunogenetic markers on the survival of skin allografts in unrelated dogs has been studied. Skin grafts in recipients differing from donors for either DLA-A or DLA-B antigens, or both, had mean survival times (MST) of 9.3, 9.7 and 8.5 days, respectively. Differences between these groups were not significant. Prolonged survival of skin grafts, however, was found in SK-LD-indentical (MST: 12.4 days) or SD-identical/LD-different (MST: 12.5 days) donor-recipient combinations. We conclude that dkin allograft survival in dogs appears to be controlled by DLA-A and DLA-B, but not by DLA-D determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

B- and T-cell-specific alloantigens in man.

Screening for B-cell-specific antibodies in unabsorbed pregnancy sera preselected for weak reactivity in regular HLA-A, -B, and -C screening yielded a relatively high proportion (35/81) of B-cell-specific antibodies. Most B-cell-specific antibodies react broadly, showing inclusion phenomena suggesting 'cross-reactivity' analogous to that observed in HLA-A and -B serology. In control experiments with T-cell-enriched suspensions three antisera reacted with T cells and not with B cells. These antisera are highly associated with HLA-A2 in the unrelated population and segregate with HLA haplotypes in families and with HLA-A in a family with HLA-A, B recombination, Thus it appears that the human equivalents of Ia antigens may include--in analogy to the murine Ia antigens--B cell- as well as T-cell-specific alloantigens.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1977

Three-point association of HLA-A,B,Bf haplotypes deduced in 200 parents of 100 families.

The association of HLA-A and -B antigens with Bf alleles was investigated in 200 parents from 100 unrelated families. There were significant associations between HLA-A3 and Bf-F, B7 and Bf-S, B8 and Bf-S, B12 and Bf-F, and BW 35 and Bf-F. Three-point HLA-A,B,Bf haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium parameters, and chi-square values were determined both from the genotype and from the phenotype data. Although the HLA-B,Bf associations involve antigens that are also present in the highly associated A,B and B,D haplotypes of the Caucasian population, there was--with the possible exception of HLA-A3,B7,Bf-S--no significant three-point association for HLA-A,B,Bf.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

PGM3 locus and its genetic polymorphism in lymphocytes of the pig.

PGM3 activity was investigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. In the pig of the German Landrace three different phenotypes have been recognized: F, S and FS. Family studies suggest the occurrence of at least two alleles--PGM3F and the PGM3S at an autosomal locus.

Animals↗