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Biomedical subjects

E D Paskett

Publications and source records attributed to E D Paskett.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Breast cancer screening education in the workplace.

This study examined the use of breast cancer screening education programs in 102 of the major workplaces in Forsyth County, North Carolina. Characteristics of workplaces that had sponsored such programs within the preceding three years were identified. Eighteen percent of the workplaces surveyed had offered breast cancer screening education programs. Factors that were directly related to having sponsored a program included the size of the workforce, the number of female employees, and the proportion of female employees over 40 years old. Characteristics related to health service activities in the workplace were also predictive. Neither the type of industry nor the insurance status of the workplace was significantly related to having sponsored a program.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Improving follow-up after an abnormal Pap smear: a randomized controlled trial.

Less than 60% of women diagnosed with cervical abnormalities on Pap smears return for proper surveillance and timely treatment. Previous tactics used to motivate these women to return have mainly relied on costly intensive recall efforts. Using a framework based on psychological value expectancy theory, a pamphlet was designed to motivate women with abnormal Pap smears to return for a repeat Pap smear. The effect of this pamphlet was tested in a randomized controlled trial. A total of 161 women with abnormal Pap smears were randomized and received either the pamphlet plus a notification letter or the letter only. The compliance rate was 64.2% in the intervention group and 51.3% in the comparison group (P = 0.10; two-tailed). In addition, subgroups of women who do not practice health-related behaviors were identified as groups where more intensive interventions may be needed. These results have implications for future strategies used to recall women with abnormal Pap smears.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Compliance behavior in women with abnormal Pap smears. Developing and testing a decision model.

This study investigated the reasons why women choose whether or not to seek treatment after being notified about an abnormal Pap smear in a women's clinic in Seattle. A hierarchic weighted utility model was developed from in-depth open-ended interviews with women who had an abnormal Pap smear and was used to identify beliefs and values related to the decision to seek treatment, i.e., a repeat Pap smear, for an abnormal Pap smear. Interviews with 18 women who had an abnormal Pap smear produced 12 issues pertinent to the behavior in question. These issues were grouped to form the hierarchy, and the decision model was then administered to 44 additional women. The model accurately classified the compliance behavior of 68% of study subjects. Moreover, the model differentiated persons who sought treatment for an abnormal Pap smear along several important dimensions: 1) doctor's opinion; 2) the accuracy or seriousness of the Pap smear result; 3) the importance of early detection; 4) familiarity with the treatment procedure; 5) time hassles (i.e., difficulties) involved in getting further treatment; 6) femininity concerns; 7) fear of cancer; and 8) perceived risk of cancer. These dimensions suggest specific content areas that may be used to develop low-cost compliance intervention strategies for use in clinical settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The recruitment of African-Americans to cancer prevention and control studies.

BACKGROUND: African-Americans have the highest overall age-adjusted cancer incidence and mortality rates of any population group in the United States. Despite this fact, this group remains underrepresented in cancer prevention and control research studies, primarily because most recruitment strategies result in limited access to African-American populations. METHODS: As part of three large-scale cancer prevention and control studies, effective strategies for recruiting African-American participants were developed and implemented. RESULTS: Eight strategies have been identified as successful recruitment strategies for involving African-Americans in cancer prevention and control studies. Utilizing these strategies resulted in recruiting a representative number of African-American participants, in relation to the local population, into the three studies. CONCLUSIONS: African-Americans can be recruited to participate in cancer control and prevention studies if plans include special strategies targeted to addressing unique barriers, beliefs, and concerns.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinic-based interventions to promote breast and cervical cancer screening.

BACKGROUND: Breast and cervical cancer continue to claim the lives of women. Early detection modalities for these cancers are available; however, utilization rates are far from optimal. Studies have documented the motivating effect that physician recommendations have on compliance with preventive health behaviors. The goal of this study was to develop and implement strategies to improve the use of cervical and breast cancer screening among African-American women age 40 and older who resided in low-income housing communities. METHODS: Baseline surveys among clinic providers and a random sample of women in the target population indicated areas to be included in intervention material. Community health center-based strategies included educational interventions for providers and patients, follow-up interventions for abnormal screening tests, and the implementation of a computer tracking system. Pap smear and mammogram utilization rates at the health center were tracked throughout the project period to assess the effect of the clinic-based interventions. RESULTS: Both Pap smear and mammography rates increased over time. Fifteen cases of breast cancer and 1 case of invasive cervical cancer have been detected. Compliance rates for follow-up for cervical dysplasia have increased from 50 to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that clinic-based interventions can improve the use of breast and cervical cancer screening and follow-up among low-income women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and implementation of novel community outreach methods in women's health issues: the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health.

Numerous outreach efforts have been employed to educate both lay and professional communities about many medical issues. As part of our contracts with the Public Health Service, Office of Women's Health, Department of Health and Human Services, the National Centers of Excellence (CoEs) in Women's Health have been charged with creating innovative and effective methods of educating these audiences about the major issues involved in women's health. This mission is particularly critical in the arena of women's health, as women are responsible for approximately 75% of the healthcare decisions made by and for American families, and past efforts to provide them with good, evidence-based information have been fraught with difficulties ranging from financial to cultural. We report herein some of our successful novel outreach efforts. A common thread throughout this account is that among the most successful of the outreach activities are those that involve or incorporate existing community groups committed to women's health.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer screening behaviors of low-income women: the impact of race.

Cancer mortality rates are greater for African Americans than for whites. Reasons for this are due in part to the disproportionate number of the poor who are African American. Of particular concern are breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, as screening exams, when used regularly, can reduce mortality. As part of an National Cancer Institute-funded study to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among low-income, predominately African American women, a survey was done to collect data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. A total of 300 women, African American and white residents of low-income housing communities, completed the survey. More African American women than white women had a mammogram within guidelines (52% vs. 40%), a clinical breast exam within the last year (60% vs. 56%), a Pap smear within the last 3 years (80% vs. 59%), and a Fecal Occult Blood Test within the last year (21% vs. 17%). Slightly more white women had a flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) exam within the last 5 years (31% vs. 24%). When adjusted for age differences in the two populations, the differences in receiving regular screening exams were not statistically significant. Variables related to receiving these tests for all women included receiving regular check-ups (breast cancer); beliefs (breast and colorectal cancer screening), and knowledge (cervical cancer). Among African American women, barriers to screening were important for breast screening and regular checkups were related to Pap smear screening (odds ratio [OR] = 13.9, p < .01). High perceived risk of colorectal cancer was related to recent FS only for white women (OR = 47.9, p = .012). Women in this homogenous income group had similar rates of screening and had similar barriers to receiving recommended screening tests; thus, interventions should address beliefs and knowledge of risk targeted to all low-income women.

Adult↗