RAPID SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES BRING NEW ETHICAL QUESTIONS.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E D ROBIN.
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The heart of the freshwater turtle has a functional ventricular septal defect. In ambient air there is some shunting of blood from the left to the right ventricle through the defect. During prolonged diving or N(2) inhalation, the shunt is reversed and blood from the tissues bypasses the lung and enters the aorta directly. This adaptation appears to be based on the exclusive use of anaerobic glycolysis as an energy source during prolonged diving.
The exposure of erythrocytes from the elasmobranch, Squalus acanthias, to solutions isosmotic with plasma (IM) but containing urea or hydroxyurea as the sole solute does not produce hemolysis. Exposure of these cells to IM methylurea, thiourea and acetamide does produce hemolysis. Low concentrations of urea, which are associated with hemolysis, protect dogfish red cells against hemolysis by methylurea and thiourea. Dogfish red cells exposed to mediums containing high concentrations of urea, or no urea, reach 95 percent of their equilibrium concentration in less than 5 minutes.
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