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Biomedical subjects

E D Wolff

Publications and source records attributed to E D Wolff.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tandem coarctation of the thoracic aorta with hypoplasia of the abdominal aorta.

After resection of the coarctation in a 3-year-old child with end-to-end anastomosis, a second membrane was found 1.5 cm lower. After a successful reoperation with an aortoplasty using Gore-Tex weak femoral pulses persisted. At catheterization, an area of irregular narrowing of the abdominal aorta just distal to the superior mesenteric artery was found with hypoplasia of the iliac and femoral arteries. In addition, this child had a two-sided cheilo-gnatho-palatoschisis, vesicoureteral reflux and absence of gall bladder and hepato-duodenal ligament. It is worthwhile considering that a second or third aortic abnormality can be hidden by a coarctation of the aorta.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of obstructive uropathy in children. 99mTc-DTPA renography studies under conditions of maximal diuresis.

Renographic studies under standardised conditions of maximal diuresis provoked by hypotonic saline infusion and frusemide were used in 17 patients with dilatation of the upper urinary tract in order to distinguish between obstructed and non-obstructed urinary tracts. Of the six patients who were obstructed on clinical and X-ray evidence only three showed an obstructed pattern on the renographic curves after maximal diuresis. After operation these three patients showed improvement in both renographic curve and functional images of the renal parenchyma. A new method of identifying the parenchymal area is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acute tubular dysfunction in infants with obstructive uropathy.

Eleven patients are described with severe hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis associated with a urinary tract infection and obstructive uropathy. This clinical entity resembles adrenocortical disorders. Urine culture investigation in combination with abdominal ultrasound examination will reveal urinary tract obstruction. Differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment are discussed. In most patients correction of the metabolic disturbance can be achieved with antibiotic treatment, occasionally in combination with surgical therapy. Some degree of polyuria will generally persist.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1985

Effect of cyclosporin A on the development of posttransplantation hypertension in rat renal allograft recipients.

Hypertension secondary to renal transplantation was studied in our experimental model in the rat. In this model an intravenous injection of donor strain blood into recipients of allogeneic donor kidneys prior to transplantation was used to prolong the allograft survival. A reduced renal function associated with the hypertension was suggestive of incomplete prevention of the rejection process. We studied the effect of cyclosporin A, either alone or as adjuvant immunosuppressive therapy, on renal function and systolic blood pressure. Either way, cyclosporin A resulted in normotensive allograft recipients and in a better function of the graft when compared with recipients pretreated with donor strain blood only.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides in young and adult rats.

The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and amikacin was evaluated comparatively in young and adult rats. The aminoglycosides were administered once daily for 14 days, gentamicin in a dose of either 20 or 60 mg/kg, and amikacin in a dose of either 60 or 180 mg/kg. Renal function was measured during and after treatment. In adult rats there was a dose dependent fall in the glomerular filtration rate which was preceded by histopathological changes in the proximal tubules. The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin was more severe than that of amikacin. The nephrotoxicity of either aminoglycoside was less severe in young rats than in adult rats. In the proximal tubules there were less histopathological changes in young rats than in the adult rats. The mechanism underlying this difference in nephrotoxicity was investigated by measuring the renal accumulation of gentamicin and amikacin. The renal uptake after the first dose of either aminoglycoside was similar in young and adult rats. Expressed as a percentage of the injected amount, the uptake decreased as the aminoglycoside dosage increased. The uptake of gentamicin was somewhat greater than that of amikacin. In young rats, the aminoglycoside concentration in total kidney as well as in renal cortex, was significantly less than in adult rats. This difference was due to the larger wet kidney weight relative to body weight in the young rats. The lower renal aminoglycoside levels in the young rats provide an explanation for the difference observed in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity when comparing young and adult rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Influence of the recipient's size upon renal function following kidney transplantation. An experimental and clinical investigation.

The influence of the size of the recipient upon posttransplantation renal function was investigated in an experimental study of inbred rats as well as in a retrospective analysis of juvenile recipients of adult donor kidneys. The experimental study revealed either augmentation of the compensatory response, in case of a juvenile donor kidney transplanted into an adult recipient, or attenuation of this response, in case of an adult donor kidney transplanted into a juvenile recipient. Various workers have reported an augmentation of renal function in humans in case of adult recipients of juvenile donor kidneys. In contrast, attenuation of renal function in case of adult donor kidneys transplanted into juvenile recipients, has not been reported. This attenuation was substantiated in our retrospective clinical study. We found that 3 weeks after transplantation, the absolute creatinine clearance (mL/min) was lower in a group of recipients under 12 years old than in a group of recipients older than 12 years. The experimental as well as the clinical investigation indicated that the size of the recipient plays an important part in the functional outcome after renal transplantation. It appeared that the transplanted kidney behaves like a single organ pertaining to the recipient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of a reduced sodium intake on post-renal transplantation hypertension in rats.

In an experimental model of post-renal transplantation hypertension in rats, we studied the effect of a reduction of sodium intake on the development of this type of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure, plasma renin concentration and renal function were measured regularly in recipients of an allogeneic kidney transplant that had previously undergone active immunological enhancement. Transplant recipients on a normal diet showed a rise in systolic blood pressure during the second week after transplantation. The systolic blood pressure of recipients on a low sodium diet remained normotensive throughout the 15 weeks follow-up period. The plasma renin concentration was low in the hypertensive recipients on a normal diet, as compared with unilaterally nephrectomized controls. Although the plasma renin concentration of recipients on a low sodium diet fell below that of unilaterally nephrectomized controls on a low sodium diet, it was higher than that of recipients on a normal diet. The renal function of transplant recipients was greatly reduced compared with that of control rats. The glomerular filtration rate was reduced to a greater extent than the effective renal plasma flow. In a separate experiment it was revealed that a similar reduction in the glomerular filtration rate of kidneys permanently damaged by temporary ischaemia did not result in an increase in the systolic blood pressure. Survival up to 6 weeks after transplantation was the same for both groups of recipients. Recipients on a low sodium diet, however, showed a better 15 weeks survival, probably owing to the absence of hypertension in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The influence of the recipient upon renal function after isogeneic kidney transplantation in the rat.

Little attention has been paid to the changes in renal function that occur after kidney transplantation when donor and recipient differ markedly in size. We studied this phenomenon after isogeneic kidney transplantation in rats of varying body weight (BW). Renal functional parameters, such as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and the plasma levels of creatinine (Pcr) and urea (Pur) were determined at regular intervals following transplantation. In the initial experimental series, juvenile (BW approximately 150 g) and adult (BW approximately 300 g) rats were used. Four groups of transplant recipients were studied. These consisted of 2 groups of adult recipients of juvenile or adult donor kidneys, and 2 groups of juvenile recipients of juvenile or adult donor kidneys. These 4 groups were compared with adult and juvenile control rats, as well as with unilaterally nephrectomized (NX) rats. A comparison between the 2 groups of juvenile recipients revealed no significant difference in the GFR, ERPF, Pcr, or Pur levels after the transplantation of adult or juvenile donor kidneys. Nor were any significant differences found when comparing the functional parameters of the 2 groups of adult recipients after transplantation of adult or juvenile donor kidneys. The transplanted kidneys generally functioned at a level amounting to 80-90% of the GFR and 90-100% of the ERPF of NX rats of comparable BW. These observations are a clear indication of functional adaptation after kidney transplantation. The compensatory functional response is augmented--in case of a young donor kidney transplanted into an adult recipient, or attenuated--in case of an adult donor kidney transplanted into a juvenile recipient. In an additional experiment, kidneys were transplanted from very young rats (BW approximately 50 g) to adult recipients. It appeared that as early as two weeks after transplantation, renal function had reached adult kidney levels, as observed in the first experimental series. In conclusion, after isogeneic kidney transplantation in rats, the transplanted kidney generally adapts rapidly to the size of the recipient and functions like an inherent part of the recipient's body.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Oxalosis in infancy.

Two cases of oxalosis in infancy are reported, the diagnosis and therapy are discussed and the world literature reviewed. Oxalosis in infancy is a rare condition, probably most frequently caused by a fulminant form of the autosomal recessive type I primary hyperoxaluria. It presents symptoms of renal failure in early infancy. This is progressive and usually causes death within three months after the onset of symptoms. The diagnosis can be suspected after simple procedures (abdominal roentgenogram, urinary tract ultrasonography) and confirmed by urine/plasma analysis and kidney biopsy/bone marrow aspiration. An exact diagnosis is important since it has consequences concerning genetic counseling and treatment. Dialysis and transplantation may be useful in secondary oxalosis, but until now they are hard to justify in infantile primary oxalosis. In primary hyperoxaluria (type I), pyridoxine therapy gives hopeful results before the onset of oxalosis, but unsatisfactory results after the onset of oxalosis.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1983

Allogeneic kidney transplantation after active immunological enhancement: a model to study post-transplantation hypertension in rats.

A model was developed to study post-transplant hypertension after allogeneic kidney transplantation between two inbred normotensive rat strains. Prolongation of graft survival was achieved by 'active immunological enhancement'. Renal function, systolic blood pressure and plasma renin concentration were determined. The systolic blood pressure started to rise in the second week after allogeneic transplantation. The glomerular filtration rate was impaired to a greater extent than the effective renal plasma flow. Histopathological changes occurred indicating immunological reactions in the renal graft. The plasma renin concentration was lower in transplant recipients than in controls. We hypothesize that retention of sodium is mediately involved in the post-transplant hypertension observed in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Development of renal function in the rat. The measurement of GFR and ERPF and correlation to body and kidney weight.

Clearance methods, allowing for repeated use in the same animals, were applied in a cross-sectional study to establish the normal increase in renal function in rats. It was shown that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) per gram of kidney was low in the 4-week-old rats. Levels comparable to those of adult rats were reached at an age of about 7 weeks. From that age on the GFR and the ERPF, as well as kidney weight, increased at a lower rate than did the body weight. The present findings, obtained by these rather simple techniques are, in general, concurrent with data from the literature on the development and maturation of renal function in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The glomerular filtration rate of isogeneically transplanted rat kidneys.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in rats with an isogeneic kidney transplant and compared with that of unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Experiments were carried out in adult rats, 3 months of age, weighing approximately 300 g, as well as in juvenile rats, 6 to 8 weeks of age, weighing approximately 170 g. All donor kidneys were taken from adult rats. The GFR was measured regularly, using a chromium 51-EDTA clearance technique which permitted repeated measurements to be taken in the same animals, during a 15-week followup period. After unilateral nephrectomy the GFR per 100 g body weight (BW) increased compared with that of a single normal kidney. Adult transplant recipients had a GFR per 100 g BW of about 80% of that of unilaterally nephrectomized rats. There was no statistical difference in the GFR when comparing adult recipients of either a normal or a hyperfunctional kidney. When isografts were transplanted to juvenile recipients, there was an initial decrease in the absolute GFR compared with the donor value in the case of a normal adult donor kidney. This decrease was even more pronounced when a hyperfunctioning kidney was transplanted to a juvenile recipient. However, when related to BW the GFR was, as in the adult recipients, about 80% of that of unilaterally nephrectomized juvenile rats. During the followup period the systolic blood pressure was measured regularly by tail plethysmography, in order to detect any blood pressure elevations, which are a frequent complication in adult and pediatric human renal transplantation. However, no hypertension was observed after isogeneic kidney transplantation in the various groups. These results show that the GFR of isogeneically transplanted rat kidneys amounts to about 80% of the maximally attainable level. Isogeneic transplantation of an adult kidney to a juvenile recipient results in a rapid adaptation of the GFR to the smaller size of the body and does not cause an increase in blood pressure.

Age Factors↗