Biomedical subjects

E Dorko

Publications and source records attributed to E Dorko.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[An overview of the regulation of basic functions of the digestive system].

The gastrointestinal system is the gate through which nutritive substances, vitamins, minerals, and fluids enter the body. Proteins, fats and complex carbohydrates are broken down into absorbable units (products of the digestion) in the digestive tract and finally they are absorbed together with vitamins, minerals and water into the blood or the lymph. The digestive and absorptive functions of the gastrointestinal tract depend on the various mechanisms, which adjust the food, put it through the gastrointestinal tract and mix it together with digestive enzymes secreted by the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, small intestine and with bile. Some of these mechanisms depend on the spontaneous activity of the smooth muscles, others involve the somatic and autonomous reflexes, paracrine effects of the chemical substances, hormones and local gastrointestinal hormones. The aim of this paper is to review the essential factors participating in the regulation of these processes (mainly motility and secretion) from the mouth cavity, stomach, duodenum, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine to the defecation. The basic regulatory factors are summarized in the schemes from the sources of the physiological textbooks, which are accepted in the whole world for the education of physiology in the medical faculties.

Digestive System↗

PubMed2000

Rare non-albicans Candida species detected in different clinical diagnoses.

In working on the incidence of yeasts we excluded from the tested set C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis on the basis of morphological and biochemical properties. We found 16 rare species of yeasts: C. claussenii (16), C. guilliermondii (10), C. robusta (9), C. pulcherrima (8), C. zeylanoides (4), C. glabrata (3), C. lusitaniae (3), C. catenulata (2), C. mesenterica (2), C. utilis (2), C. freyschussii, C. intermedia, C. kefyr, C. lipolytica, C. mogii, C. pseudotropicalis (1 for each). These yeasts were detected mainly in cases of premature babies (22) from the nasopharynx (13), from the rectum (4), from the skin (23), from wound drains and from blood (1 for each), with gynaecological diagnoses (15) and rarely other diagnoses, such as malignancy (5), hypertension and respiratory infections (4 for each), kidney transplantation (3), dialysis, haemolytic-uremic syndrome (2 for each), perforation of gastric ulcus, otitis, prostatitis, ulcus cruris, coma, spina bifida, peritonitis and hepatic failure from different clinical material.

Candida↗

PubMed2000

Prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans in clinical specimens.

Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from various clinical materials in 14 cases, was identified by (1) cultivation on Sabouraud glucose agar and CHROMagar Candida, (2) microscopic examination of Indian-ink-stained preparations and (3) determination of biochemical properties (assimilation and fermentation of saccharides, assimilation of KNO3, production of urease and phenol monooxygenase). C. neoformans was determined in five specimens from paediatric patients in the intensive care unit and in nine specimens from adult patients, most frequently from liquor at meningitis (n = 3).

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Relative pathogenicity of Candida tropicalis in rat tongue mucosa.

The potential of C. tropicalis to colonize and infect rat tongue mucosa was demonstrated. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were infected orally with three different strains of C. tropicalis. The animals were killed one and three weeks following the inoculation and sections of their tongue were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Grocott stain. Histological changes were observed in the group of animals killed one week after inoculation and infected with C. tropicalis strain isolated from the crural ulcer of a diabetic patient. The most important finding was acute purulent myositis with the formation of abscesses. The myositis was local without signs of spreading to the surrounding tissue. Epithelium-penetrating hyphae observed in the Grocott-stained sections were relatively fewer and more sparsely distributed.

Abscess↗

PubMed2000

[Circadian rhythm of the ventricular fibrillation threshold in a model of hypoventilation-reoxygenation in female Wistar rats].

Hypoxia, similarly as myocardial ischemia, decreases the electric stability of the heart and thus produces the conditions for the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias within the 24 h period however a prompt restoration of oxygen supply or blood flow within myocardium causes serious ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore the aim of our study was to evaluate the reoxygenation impact on myocardium after hypoventilation in circadian dependence. The experiments were performed in female Wistar rats (pentobarbital anesthesia 40 mg/1 kg i.p., open chest experiments). The animals were adapted to the light regimen 12:12 hours, with the dark phase from 18.00 h to 06.00 h. Normal ventilation was used in the control group (n = 17) and in the second one (n = 4), 20 min reoxygenation followed 20 min of hypoventilation. The heart rate (HR) had been recorded just before the ventricular arrhythmias rose. Hypoventilation decreased significantly (p < 0.001) the VFT and HR when compared with the control group and changed the 24-hour rhythm of VFT to moderate bi-phase one. Reoxygenation counter changed this rhythm to inverse in the comparison with the control group. The lowest VFT values occurred when the top of VFT circadian rhythm was detected during normal ventilation. No dependence was detected between VFT and HR in both ventilation types. It is concluded that reoxygenation alternates the myocardial vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias in dependence on alternation of light and dark and without the evident dependence on HR in the course of the whole 24-hour period. (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 43.)

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Non-albicans Candida species isolated from plastic devices.

In this work we point out an occurrence of non-albicans Candida species isolated from catheters, cannulas and drains. We detected eight non-albicans Candida species in 49 examined samples: C. parapsilosis (n = 26), C. tropicalis (n = 12), C. krusei (n = 4), C. claussenii, C. mesenterica (n = 2 for each), C. guilliermondii, C. kefyr and C. lusitaniae (n = 1 for each). Material examined from children hospitalized in intensive care units was the most frequent. Eight samples were from the oncology department, seven from the surgery department, six from the anaesthesiology department, four from the dialysis unit, two from the hematology department, one from the internal medicine department and one from the stomatology department. We examined cannula scraping 26 times (53%), catheter scraping 14 times (28.6%) and drain scraping nine times (18.4%).

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Localization of NADPH-d positive cells in the thymus of pheasants and mice].

The presented study was designed to clarify the localization and distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity, a marker of NO synthase, in pheasant and mouse thymuses. To provide a morphological basis for understanding the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the thymus. The NADPH-d histochemistry revealed dark blue stained cell structures. In the pheasant thymus, NADPH-d positive cells were present as clusters which were distributed in the medulla and the corticomedullar area. NADPH-d positive cells were observed mostly in the medulla of the mouse thymus. They were round, oval or irregular in shape, with various intensity of staining. There were found NADPH-d positive nerve fibres in the perivascular location in both groups of experimental animals. (Fig. 4, Ref. 14.)

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation in the regenerated thymus in old rats after surgical and chemical castration].

Surgical and chemical castrations in old rats result in the regeneration of the involuted thymus. The distribution of ACHE-positive nerves did not differ in the regenerated thymi after surgical and chemical castrations. A number of ACHE-positive nerves were detected not only in perivascular topography but also in the functioning thymus parenchyma. A marked difference in thymus density of ACHE-positive nerves was found in rats without castration. We assume that our findings represent an indirect evidence that cholinergic nerves stimulate lymphopoiesis in the thymus. (Fig. 6, Ref. 16.)

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of the topographic localization of NADPH diaphorase positive cells in the rabbit and pheasant thymuses.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphatediaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry was used as a marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In the rabbit thymus, NADPHd staining was observed between the capsule and corticomedullary junction in radially oriented blood vessels in the cortex. The outer surface of the thymic lobule and interlobular septa showed adipocytes clumped together. There was a high density of NADPHd positive cells in the medulla, without a sharp boundary in corticomedullary space. In addition to radially oriented blood vessels in the cortex, they were also found as solitary profiles with well stained walls in the medulla. Neuronal plexuses were localized in perivascular topography. In the pheasant thymus, NADPHd positive cells were present as clusters which were distributed in the medulla and the corticomedullar area. NADPHd positive nerve fibres were localized in perivascular topography.

Animals↗