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Biomedical subjects

E Drummond

Publications and source records attributed to E Drummond.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Naltrexone for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial.

AIM: We examined the efficacy of naltrexone (an opioid antagonist) for alcohol dependence in a sample of alcohol-dependent men. DESIGN: A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: The outpatient clinic of a combined war veteran and general teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Male alcohol-dependent subjects recruited from the community and from veteran groups. INTERVENTION: Alcohol-dependent subjects were treated with 50 mg of naltrexone or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Both treatment groups attended a weekly education support group. Subjects were assessed weekly. MEASUREMENTS: Primary study outcomes were the maintenance of abstinence and relapse to drinking. FINDINGS: Fifty-five subjects were randomized to naltrexone and 56 to placebo. Forty subjects did not complete 12 weeks of therapy (17 naltrexone, 23 placebo). In the intention-to-treat sample (N = 111) fewer naltrexone treated subjects relapsed (p = 0.001). Among patients who completed the 12-week trial, naltrexone reduced the consumption of alcohol. Naltrexone was well tolerated and there were few adverse experiences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that naltrexone is effective in preventing relapse to drinking in the setting of limited psychosocial treatment. Further studies should examine the duration of treatment needed to maintain the effect long term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Altered surface character of stretched condom latex.

A new type of imperfection in condom latex, present during moderate stretching, was observed by low magnification scanning electron microscopy. The normally smooth surface of relaxed natural latex was transformed into an accordion-like arrangement of ripples in addition to tears. A corollary experiment with Alcian blue dye placed into both stretched and unstretched condoms leaked no dye. These surface features are consistent with latex acting as a molecular barrier. The tears may represent areas of lowered mechanical resistance and raise questions concerning quality control.

Contraceptive Devices, Male↗
PubMed1983

Organization and structure of branches in the rat pulmonary arterial bed.

Pulmonary arteries were fixed by perfusion under constant pressure and filled with rubber. The hardened rubber cast delineated the arterial bed, permitting dissection of axial vessels and all branches. Each segment was prepared for scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Branches arising at acute angles from the axial artery and the first two generations of its branches, regardless of diameter, had the same concentric muscle layer structure as parent vessels. Endothelial cells of the parent vessel were oriented into the ostia of these branches. Branches that came off the axial vessel or its branches at right angles had spiral muscle bundles and led to nonmuscular precapillary vessels. Right angle branches also had similar wall structure regardless of diameter. Near the ostia of right angle branches, endothelial cells of the parent vessels did not show orientation of their long axis into the branch lumens. It was concluded that branch arteries arising at acute angles are conduit which carry blood to distant parts of the lung while right angle branches are a histologically different group which distribute the blood to local capillary beds.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of coarse and fine Canadian Red Spring Wheat and French Soft Wheat bran on colonic motility in patients with diverticular disease.

Bran from a Canadian Red Spring Wheat, of both a coarse and fine type, was compared with that from a French Soft Wheat, also with coarse and fine characteristics. The coarse type whether Canadian or French had the more significant effect on the stool weight, speeded the intestinal transit as measured by Hinton markers, and reduced intraluminal pressure in the colon more than did the fine types from the same sources in patients with diverticular disease. The texture of a bran may be important in relationship to its clinical efficacy.

Colon↗
PubMed1980

A study of bulking agents in elderly patients.

A study comparing the effects of bran and ispaghula in constipated elderly patients is described. Ispaghula and bran increased the wet and dry stool weight. There were no serious side-effects and no change in colonic pressures. The use of these bulking agents is shown to be better than the traditional use of laxatives in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of alpha-actinin in skeletal muscle cells.

The ultrastructural distribution of alpha-actinin in skeletal myocytes was studied by a sensitive method that permits localization of antigenic proteins in intact fixed cells rather than in glycerol estracted tissues or isolated cell fractions. Binding to the Z line of specific antiserum produced in rabbits immunized with highly purified alpha-actinin was demonstrated by deposition at this site of a reaction product of horseradish peroxidase that had been coupled to antigen-binding fragments of sheep anti-rabbit gamma globulin.

Actinin↗