Biomedical subjects

E E Akang

Publications and source records attributed to E E Akang.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Retinoblastomas in Ibadan Nigeria: II--Clinicopathologic features.

Retinoblastomas are primary malignant intraocular neoplasms of childhood displaying photoreceptor differentiation. The present study reviews clinicopathological features of these neoplasms in Ibadan, Nigeria. Clinical, surgical pathology, and histological material of 44 histologically verified cases of retinoblastoma indexed in the Cancer Registry, University of Ibadan were analyzed. Retinoblastomas accounted for 1.1% of all malignant neoplasms and were equally frequent in male and female children. The mean age of our patients at the time of diagnosis was 32.3 months, which exceeds a corresponding age of 16-21.5 months recorded among Caucasian children. Leukocoria was the most common clinical manifestation. Eighteen percent of our patients had bilateral neoplasms. These patients were significantly younger than those with unilateral retinoblastomas. Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes occurred in 61% and optic nerve involvement in 78% of the cases and the sites of predilection were regional lymph nodes, scalp, jaw, brain, skull, long bones, and gum.

Age Distribution↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cervicovaginitis emphysematosa mimicking carcinoma of the cervix: a case report.

Cervicovaginitis emphysematous is a rare self-limiting disease in which multiple gas-filled cysts are present in the submucosa of the upper vagina and ectocervix. We report a case in a 40 year-old trader who presented with clinical features suggestive of carcinoma of the cervix. It is hoped that this case report will heighten the awareness of clinicians and pathologists in the recognition of this unusual condition.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vitamin A status of pre-school children in Ibadan (South West Nigeria), risk factors and comparison of methods of diagnosis.

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and protein energy malnutrition (PEM), sharing common aetiological factors, are important public health problems in many developing, countries. A cross-sectional survey of the vitamin A status of 128 well nourished and 230 malnourished pre-school children was carried out in order to define factors associated with increased risks of VAD and also to determine the predictive values of CIC-T in identifying serum retinol of < 10 microg/dl in these children. The proportional morbidity rates of VAD defined by serum retinol concentrations (7.3%) and CIC-T (6.2%) was similar (p>0.05), and children aged < 3 years accounted for 70% of VAD cases. VAD occurred in 6.3% and 7.8% of well-nourished and malnourished children respectively. The risk of VAD was increased following measles, history of persistent diarrhoea and wasting. The predictive value of CIC-T is highly dependent on CIC-T such that abnormal and normal smears classification appears to be very robust and predictive of serum retinol of < 10 microg/dl, with sensitivity of 83.3% (95%CI: 61.8-94.5), and specificity of 73.3% (95%CI: 68.3-78.5). Judging by the proportional morbidity rate in this study, VAD appears to be a significant public health problem in both malnourished and well-nourished Nigerian children, especially in children < 3 years of age. The history of measles and persistent diarrhoea appear to increase the risk of VAD. The simplicity, sensitivity and specificity of CIC-T suggest that this procedure is a good screening tool for epidemiological survey of vitamin A status.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Salivary gland neoplasms: a 21year review of cases seen at University College Hospital, Ibadan.

The present study updates the experience of salivary gland tumours in Ibadan. All cases of benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms histologically diagnosed between 1975 and 1995 in the Oral Pathology Department and Cancer Registry of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were reviewed. Salivary gland neoplasms accounted for 3.5% of head and neck neoplasms, the majority (46.5%) occurring in the parotid, followed by the submandibular (18.1%) and palatal glands (10.7%). The ratio of benign to malignant neoplasms was 1.1 to 1. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common malignant neoplasms. There was a predilection of adenoid cystic carcinoma for the submandibular gland.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Osteogenic sarcoma in the breast--case report of a diagnostic dilemma.

Breast cancer is the leading cancer in females worldwide, the vast majority being carcinomas, and only 0.2-0.3% being sarcomas. Of the mammary sarcomas, extra-osseous osteogenic sarcomas constitute a small heterogeneous group. This communication reports a case of primary extra-osseous osteogenic sarcoma occurring in the breast of a48-year-old female, and presents a literature review of this condition. A pre-requisite for the diagnosis of primary mammary osteogenic sarcoma is the exclusion of an osteogenic sarcoma arising from the underlying ribs or sternum. Like all other osteogenic sarcomas in general, these neoplasms are characterized by the direct formation of osteoid matrix by the tumour cells. Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast may arise from metaplastic sarcomatous transformation of neoplastic cells in a primary breast carcinoma, fibroadenoma, malignant phyllodes tumour, or may exceptionally represent a nonphyllodes sarcoma of the breast arising from the soft tissues of an otherwise normal or previously irradiated breast.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Retinoblastomas in Ibadan: treatment and prognosis.

This study reviews the influence of different clinicopathological features of retinoblastoma on outcome and prognosis in 44 Nigerian patients. Twenty-five of the patients had a fatal outcome. These patients were younger and more frequently had bilateral retinoblastomas, orbital tumour recurrence and tumour metastases, compared to patients who had disease free survival. Postoperative tumour recurrence occurred in eleven patients and was commoner in patient who had tumour metastases. Tumour metastases occurred in eighteen of the patients. Though there has been an improvement in the prognosis of retinoblastoma at Ibadan with the advent of radiotherapy, the outlook for children with this neoplasm in this environment is still bleak in comparison with what obtains in developed countries.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prostatic tumours in Benin City, Nigeria.

Prostatic tumours accounted for 10.2% of all surgical specimens from male patients received in the Department of Anatomic Pathology of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between 1973 and 1990. Nodular prostatic hyperplasia accounted for 83% of the cases and the peak age incidence was in the sixth decade of life. Prostatic cancer occurred in the remaining 17% of the cases and the peak age incidence for occurrence was in the seventh decade of life. The commonest malignant neoplasms encountered were adenocarcinomas, out of which 64% were-well 27% moderately-and 9% poorly-differentiated. Sixty-one adenocarcinomas were classified as cases of incidental carcinoma of the prostate. Rare histological variants of prostatic cancer encountered in the present study included a case each of mucinous carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tumors of childhood in Ibadan, Nigeria (1973-1990).

Childhood neoplasms provide a fertile field for epidemiological research and afford a unique opportunity for studying possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The present study reviews 1881 malignant childhood neoplasms in children less than 15 years of age seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan during an 18-year period. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 and modal age of occurrence was 10 years. The most common childhood neoplasms were lymphomas (45.4%), retinoblastomas (9.7%), and malignant renal neoplasms (8.5%). Burkitt's lymphoma constituted 92% of all lymphomas and 37% of all childhood tumors. Comparison of two clinicopathological studies of childhood cancer in Ibadan between 1960-1972 and 1973-1990 revealed a dramatic upsurge in the relative frequencies of intracranial neoplasms, leukemias, renal neoplasms, and retinoblastomas, with a decline in the relative frequencies of bone neoplasms and Burkitt's lymphoma during the latter period. Whether these changes reflect actual changes in the distribution of childhood cancer in the local population will require further study.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The value of routine endometrial biopsy in gynaecological practice in Nigeria.

A review of 7,211 endometrial biopsy reports in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria, over a 6 year period revealed that 90.5% of samples from 5,795 patients with infertility and 83.4% of 1,416 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were essentially normal. The yield for tuberculosis endometritis (0.49%) and uterine corpus malignancy (0.58%) was low. Eighty percent of patients with uterine malignancy were aged 40 years and above. In an era of medical audit and scarce human and financial resources, the wisdom of routine endometrial biopsy in all women with infertility and those with abnormal uterine bleeding who are younger than 40 years, is called to question.

Adult↗