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Biomedical subjects

E E Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to E E Thompson.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Psychiatric diagnosis of African Americans: diagnostic divergence in clinician-structured and semistructured interviewing conditions.

This study is a primary data collection that varied patient race and diagnosis and used two diagnostic interviewing conditions: one clinician-structured (phase one) and the other a semi-structured diagnostic instrument (phase two). Four basic research questions are addressed: What is the relationship between race and the hospital diagnosis? How is race related to diagnosis in both research interviewing conditions? Why does diagnostic concordance between the hospital diagnosis and the research diagnosis vary by research interviewing condition? Is diagnostic concordance between the hospital and research diagnosis influenced by patient race? A total of 291 patients completed an interview during phase one, while 665 patients completed an interview during phase two. Blacks were more likely to receive a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia and less likely to be diagnosed with mood disorder. Patient race was similarly related to the research diagnoses produced in the clinician-structured research condition (phase one). Although less pronounced, a higher percentage of African Americans than whites received a diagnosis of schizophrenia using the semi-structured DSM-III-R Symptom Checklist (phase two). The black-white distribution for mood disorders showed that whites were more likely than blacks to be diagnosed with mood disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Living alone and neighborhood characteristics as predictors of social support in late life.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to devise and test a conceptual model that explains how neighborhood quality, fear of crime, and received emotional support affect an elderly person's expectations of future assistance should the need arise (i.e., anticipated support). METHODS: Using a nationwide survey of older adults, a series of nested latent variable models was tested to determine if the social support process differs between older adults living alone and those living with others. RESULTS: Consistent with a social ecological perspective, data suggest that anticipated support is lower among elders who live in deteriorated neighborhoods than among older adults who live in well-maintained neighborhoods. Moreover, the deleterious effects of run-down neighborhoods appear to be especially pronounced for older adults who live alone. DISCUSSION: Select constructs that link deteriorated neighborhoods with anticipated support are explored. Suggestions for future research are made.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Recruitment and retention of African American patients for clinical research: an exploration of response rates in an urban psychiatric hospital.

The issues related to recruiting African American psychiatric inpatients are discussed in the context of a study on the influence of ethnicity on psychiatric diagnosis. Ethnically diverse psychiatric residents interviewed 960 Black and White inpatients in 2 urban psychiatric hospitals. Despite the obstacles cited in the literature about recruiting and retaining African Americans into research, 78% of this sample were African American. In addition, interview completion and refusal rates did not differ by patient ethnicity. Results suggest that matching interviewer and patient ethnicity did not influence African Americans' likelihood of participating in or of refusing an interview. This article summarizes a number of guidelines that others may find useful in conducting clinical research with African Americans, ranging from the formation of academic-public liaisons to interviewer training.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hypoxaemia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1992

Differential effects of left versus right seizure focus on human hippocampal evoked responses.

Hippocampal evoked potentials were recorded using the P3 tonal oddball paradigm in 30 patients with unilateral temporal lobe seizure focus. Spectral power of the evoked potentials was decreased on the side of seizure focus, but this reduction was much greater when the focus was on the left. The effect of left/right focus does not appear to be due to group differences in age, sex, seizure duration, or operative pathology. Remote or finer left/right structural differences or differential left/right hippocampal processing for the sequential tonal task are possible explanations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Differential cognitive effects of terfenadine and chlorpheniramine.

The H1-histamine antagonist, terfenadine, has been proposed to have reduced cognitive side effects. In the present study, the relative cognitive effects of terfenadine, 60 mg, chlorpheniramine maleate, 8 mg, and placebo were tested with a double-blind, randomized, three-period crossover design in 24 healthy adult subjects. The dependent variable was latency of the P3-evoked potential. The P3 is a cognitively evoked electroencephalographic response that is an objective and sensitive measure of sustained attention and cerebral processing speed. Disease and drug states that adversely affect the central nervous system can slow P3 latency. For example, the centrally active anticholinergic scopolamine slows cognitive processing speed and prolongs P3 latency. P3 latency (millisecond) means (+/- mean standard error) were pretreatment, 310 (+/- 1.7; placebo, 313 (+/- 3); terfenadine, 320 (+/- 3); and chlorpheniramine, 333 (+/- 3). The findings suggest that terfenadine may be particularly advantageous in patients who require alertness and intact cognitive abilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hemisphere asymmetry for eye gaze mechanisms.

To investigate left/right asymmetries in cerebral gaze mechanisms, eye deviation was evaluated in 90 patients following intracarotid sodium amylobarbitone injections. For right-handed subjects with left cerebral language dominance, the occurrence and severity of eye deviation were greater for right versus left hemisphere injections. In contrast, subjects with mixed cerebral dominance for language/handedness exhibited no left/right difference in the incidence of eye deviation. The results are consistent with right cerebral dominance for attentional/intentional mechanisms directed at external space. Further analysis suggests that the cerebral asymmetry for gaze may be due to an evolutionary loss of attentional/intentional mechanisms by the left cerebral hemisphere as language function developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Right cerebral specialization for tactile attention as evidenced by intracarotid sodium amytal.

Although several components of neglect syndrome have been reported to occur more frequently following right cerebral lesions, a right cerebral predominance for directed tactile attention has not been demonstrated. The intracarotid sodium amytal procedure (ISA, or Wada test) offers the opportunity to investigate differential effects for symmetric acute dysfunction of each cerebral hemisphere in each subject. In the present study, 18 patients undergoing preoperative evaluation for epilepsy surgery were trained in a nonverbal task of tactile attention. Left/right mean ISA dosages and left/right tactile test times postinjection were matched. Results revealed more correct responses following left ISA, and greater tactile inattention with more extinction-type responses following right ISA. No effect of seizure focus, sex, order of injection, or dosage was present. The finding that tactile inattention occurs more frequently with right cerebral dysfunction is consistent with right cerebral dominance for scanning attentional mechanisms directed at the external milieu.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of scopolamine on visual evoked potentials in aging and dementia.

The unusual combination of a normal pattern reversal VEP and a delayed flash VEP has been reported in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). Hyoscine hydrobromide has been reported to produce a similar VEP abnormality in young, healthy subjects. In the present study, we assessed the relative sensitivity of DAT patients and healthy young, middle-aged and elderly subjects to temporary cholinergic blockade. We report VEP latency values following 3 doses of scopolamine and after a peripheral anticholinergic agent. Flash P2 latency was not significantly slower in DAT patients than in the healthy elderly. Scopolamine increased P2 latency in the young controls but did not affect any other group. The pattern reversal P100 was normal in DAT, and a significant increase in latency occurred following scopolamine administration in both the control and patient groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spectral analysis of sphenoidal evoked potentials predicts epileptic focus.

Sphenoidal evoked potentials (SpEPs) were recorded in 14 patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Twelve patients had electrographically proven unilateral seizure onset (five left, seven right). Two patients had partial complex seizures and unilateral mesial temporal lobe lesions shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirteen patients subsequently underwent temporal lobectomy. SpEPs were recorded using the P3 tonal oddball paradigm from sphenoidal electrodes referenced to scalp electrodes (i.e., T3, T4, C3, C4, Cz) and were subjected to spectral analysis for whole band (1-12.6 Hz) power. A significant relationship was found for side of seizure focus and reduced spectral power of the sphenoidal-temporal target SpEPs. In 10 of 14 patients, SpEP spectral power was less from the "epileptogenic" than from the "nonepileptogenic" temporal lobe. Of the remaining 4 patients, 2 had bilaterally equal spectral power, and 2 had lower SpEP power from the nonepileptogenic side. Postoperatively, all 13 patients are seizure-free except for the 2 patients with reduced SpEP power opposite to the ictal onset and 1 patient with fluctuations in SpEP asymmetries. Spectral analysis of SpEPs appears to have utility in the assessment of temporal lobe dysfunction and thus in the preoperative evaluation for epilepsy surgery.

Adolescent↗