Endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis.
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Carotid Stenosis↗
Biomedical subjects
E Eggenberger
Publications and source records attributed to E Eggenberger.
Childhood sarcoidosis.
A 10-year-old black girl exhibited a bilateral lower motor neuron facial palsy and bilateral hearing loss. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed enhancement of the cranial nerve VII-VIII complex bilaterally. Disc elevation developed in both eyes, and the patient exhibited facial swelling. Examination of a right parotid biopsy specimen demonstrated noncaseating granulomas, consistent with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Abducens Nerve↗
Eight-and-a-half syndrome: one-and-a-half syndrome plus cranial nerve VII palsy.
Three cases of isolated one-and-a-half syndrome with facial nerve palsy related to infarction are presented. Magnetic resonance imaging in cases 1 and 2 was unremarkable, whereas magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated pathophysiologically significant vertebral basilar disease. Case 3 is unique due to its association with giant cell arteritis. Ipsilateral adduction improved to a greater extent than abduction in each case, perhaps providing insight into the exact localization of these lesions or selective vulnerability of the ocular motor structures within the pons. This combination of clinical findings, termed the 8-1/2 syndrome (cranial nerve 7 + 1-1/2), allows precise localization, and magnetic resonance angiography appears to be the imaging study of choice.
Aged↗
Intracranial Ewing's sarcoma.
Three patients with intracranial Ewing's sarcoma had neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. In one patient, the primary tumor was in the skull and in two, it involved the long bones. Two patients complained of intermittent headache associated with bilateral, transient visual symptoms suggestive of migraine, which prompted imaging that showed occipital metastases. The third patient had an orbital syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Reduced intestinal colonisation with F18-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned pigs fed chicken egg antibody against the fimbriae.
Newly weaned pigs were fed a basal diet containing either egg antibody against fimbriae F18 at a high or low level, control egg powder or no egg, and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with fimbriae F18. The challenge was repeated after termination of the antibody treatment. Antibody-containing egg powder was produced by vaccination of hens with semi-purified fimbriae of the two variants F18ab and F18ac. Pigs eating egg powder with antibody against the same fimbrial variant were fully protected, even if the vaccine for the hens was produced with a different serotype devoid of enterotoxins. The effect was dose-dependent. The high dose of antibody against the heterologous variant of fimbriae F18 reduced colonisation at a level which was not significant. Ingestion of egg antibody partially suppressed the build-up of anti-colonisation immunity. Oral application of egg antibodies offers a promising approach for the prevention of infectious diseases of the digestive tract.
Animal Feed↗
The Pulfrich effect and its relationship to retinal illumination.
The Pulfrich stereo-illusion effect occurs in patients with monocular anterior visual system disease when viewing a pendulum. It also can be induced by placing a monocular neutral-density filter in a normal subject. We studied 10 normal subjects to determine if the Pulfrich effect could be induced by monocular illumination in addition to monocular neutral-density filtration. Eighteen of 20 eyes observed the Pulfrich effect with monocular illumination, but the rotation of the ellipse was opposite in direction to that of the neutral-density filter. Our data suggests that the Pulfrich effect results from intereye luminance disparity.
Female↗
Intestinal Chlamydia in finishing pigs.
Gut and blood samples from 119 finishing pigs derived from 11 farms were collected during routine slaughter at an abattoir. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were labeled immunohistochemically using genus-specific, mouse monoclonal antibody against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide; goat polyclonal antiserum against the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis; and mouse monoclonal antibody against the ovine abortion subtype of C. psittaci. Gut samples from 33 of 111 (29.7%) individual pigs stained positive with the genus-specific monoclonal antibody, and of these 30 of 32 (93.7%) also reacted with the C. trachomatis-specific antiserum. Labeled inclusions were restricted to mature enterocytes of the large intestine in 33 of 111 cases. Infection of small intestinal enterocytes was noted in only one of 82 ileal samples. The blood samples were tested for antichlamydial antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). With ELISA, 95 of the 115 sera tested (82.6%) yielded positive antichlamydial reactions. With CFT, 34 of the 119 sera tested (28.6%) were unequivocally positive (> or = 1:10, 100% binding), and 10 (7.6%) yielded doubtful positive reactions (1:10, 50-75% binding). Positive ELISA and CFT titers showed poor agreement (kappa = 0.112), whereas the agreement between positive findings by immunohistochemical labeling and CFT was fair (kappa = 0.205).
Animals↗
[Relationship between cortisol and testosterone during resting conditions, after acute stress and hormone stimulation in steers].
In this study the relationship between peripheral concentrations of cortisol and testosterone was investigated in 7 adult bulls under resting conditions as well as after sexual and hormonal stimulation. The animals were kept under natural photoperiods of 16L:8D and for hormone determinations blood was withdrawn from an indwelling jugular vein catheter every 30 minutes for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Evaluation of the hormonal profiles revealed that both steroids are secreted episodically characterized by irregular, short term fluctuations with high individual variability. A clear circadian rhythm with high levels in the morning and during the day and low concentrations in the evening and during night was observed for cortisol only. Concentrations of both steroidal hormones were not significantly correlated with each other. Intense sexual stimulation (mounting several times with ejaculation) during 30 minutes caused a rapid increase of cortisol without affecting testosterone secretion. After intravenous application of 1500 IU hCG and 0.5 mg GnRH a sharp rise of testosterone concentrations occurred with high values remaining for several hours but leaving the circadian cortisol pattern unchanged. The intravenous injection of 5 mg PGF2 alpha stimulated both the cortisol and testosterone secretion. Results from this investigation show that cortisol and testosterone are secreted episodically without any interrelationship under resting conditions. Sexual stress induced an increase of cortisol which did not inhibit testosterone secretion and high testosterone levels did neither influence the cortisol pattern. The concomitant increase of cortisol and testosterone after PGF2 alpha suggests a central (hypothalamus/hypophysis) action for prostaglandin.
Animals↗
Growth hormone concentration and disappearance rate, insulin-like growth factors I and II and insulin levels in iron-deficient veal calves.
In calves with severe iron (Fe) deficiency, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels and IGF-I responses to exogenous growth hormone (GH) are reduced, while insulin-dependent glucose utilization is enhanced. Blood plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), IGF-I, IGF-II and GH, and the half-life of blood plasma GH [after an i.v. injection of recombinant bovine GH (rbGH; 100 micrograms rbGH/kg body weight)] were measured in 20 calves at body weights between 160 and 190 kg. Calves were fed milk replacers containing 50 or 10 mg Fe/kg (groups Fe50 and Fe10, respectively). Daily weight gain and feed utilization were similar in both groups. Group Fe10 developed mild Fe deficiency anemia and blood plasma urea-nitrogen concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) than in group Fe50. IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations did not vary consistently over a 10-hour period and were not significantly influenced by different Fe intakes. The IRI concentration increased transiently (p < 0.05) after feed intake, but the total response was (not significantly) smaller in Fe-deficient calves. Plasma GH concentration changed episodically and was similar in both groups. Loss of GH from the circulation after i.v. rbGH injection, estimated by biexponential analysis, during the distribution or alpha phase (first 16 min) was similar in both groups, but during the beta phase was shorter (p < 0.05) in group Fe10 than in group Fe50 (29.9 and 34.2 min, respectively). The increased disappearance rate of GH, seen even in mild Fe deficiency, may contribute to reduced GH levels and IGF-I responses to GH in severe Fe deficiency.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
[Hematological reference values for foals in the first two months of life].
Hematologic reference values were established in 18 healthy foals in the first two months of life. Blood samples were collected prior to colostrum consumption and at 30 hours, 1 week, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks of age. PCV, Hb and RBC decreased during the first week and RBC, but not PCV and Hb, increased toward the end of the second month. With the exception of the sample at 1 week, the foals had mean RBC values significantly higher than those of controls. Mean MCV and MCH did not change during the first week, but decreased slightly thereafter; all means were smaller than in controls. The numbers of neutrophils increased mainly during the first week, and the numbers of lymphocytes increased gradually during the first two months. The mean N:L-ratio was highest at 1 week and lowest at 5 weeks.
Animals↗
Risk factors for the reinfection of specific pathogen-free pig breeding herds with enzootic pneumonia.
A case control study was designed to determine the risk factors for the reinfection of Swiss specific pathogen-free (SPF) pig herds with enzootic pneumonia. Detailed housing, management and environmental data were collected from 42 case farms and 50 control farms by means of a questionnaire. Factors with a significantly asymmetrical frequency distribution among the two groups were considered to be possibly associated with reinfection; they included the distance to the nearest non-SPF pig herd, the size of that herd, the density of the pig population in the area, the distance to the next road regularly carrying pig transporters and differences in topography. The results tended to support the hypothesis of the airborne transmission of enzootic pneumonia. Using a formula considering the main risk factors, it was possible to classify farms as high or low risk with an 84 per cent specificity and 74 per cent sensitivity.
Air Pollution↗
[Clinico-chemical blood parameters in foals in the first two months of life].
Eighteen healthy foals were studied from birth until 2 months of age. Blood samples were obtained at the following times: presuckle, 30 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks of age. Changes in serum P, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cl, iron, AP, ASAT, ALAT, GGT, GLDH, CK, lipase, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, protein and fibrinogen and in plasma total solids were examined and the values compared to reference values of adult horses. There were characteristic age related changes in several parameters. Single measurements should be interpreted cautiously to allow for individual variations.
Aging↗
Relaxation of muscle strips from the reticular groove and reticulo-omasal orifice by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
The effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on muscle strips from the reticular groove, the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) and the omasal canal was studied. VIP caused a concentration-dependent (10(-8)-5 x 10(-7) mol/l) reduction of the acetylcholine-induced (55 x 10(-6) mol/l) contraction of the reticular groove muscle preparations from calves and adult cattle. VIP was more effective in the muscle strips from calves than in those from adult cattle. Moreover, the circular muscle strips from the reticular groove were more sensitive to VIP than the longitudinal muscle strips. VIP also induced a concentration-related (10(-8)-5 x 10(-7) mol/l) relaxation of muscle strips from the calf ROO. Furthermore, both circular and longitudinal muscle strips from the omasal canal of the calf were relaxed by VIP (10(-7)-5 x 10(-7) mol/l). The relaxing effect of VIP on the circular muscle strips from the reticular groove of the calf was not significantly affected during incubation with 5 x 10(-6) mol/l tetrodotoxin. The relaxing effect of VIP therefore seems to be mediated by VIP receptors of smooth muscle cells. These properties of VIP in conjunction with its presence in nerve fibres located in the wall of the reticular groove and ROO are consistent with a role of VIP as inhibitory transmitter in this region of the bovine stomach.
Animals↗
Relationships of total protein, specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index and latex agglutination to immunoglobulin G concentration in mare colostrum.
A colostrum sample was collected within 24 h after foaling from 27 mares and from 10 other mares a milk sample was collected several weeks post partum. Immunoglobulin G concentrations were determined quantitatively by radial immunodiffusion and semi-quantitatively using a commercial latex agglutination test. Total protein, specific gravity, viscosity and refractive index were determined and their relationships to the immunoglobulin G concentration analysed. All parameters correlated with the immunoglobulin G concentration. The latex agglutination test divided the colostrum samples into three groups with different means for immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations. Specific gravity and the latex agglutination test were found to be the methods best suited for on-farm evaluation of colostrum quality.
Animals↗
Kinetics of D-glucose transport across the intestinal brush-border membrane of the cat.
1. D-glucose transport across the intestinal brush-border membrane of the cat, a carnivorous animal, was investigated using isolated brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Kinetic experiments were performed under zero-trans conditions (initial [Na+]in and [Gluc]in = O) with the transmembrane electrical potential difference clamped to zero. 2. D-glucose uptake by the BBMV was strongly stimulated by an inwardly directed Na+-gradient. Uptake under Na+-free conditions seemed to occur by simple diffusion. 3. The apparent kinetic constants (Vmax, Km) of Na+-dependent D-glucose transport were computed by forcing initial uptake rates at 0.002-10.0 mmol/l D-glucose to either a Michaelis-Menten type equation with a single or with two carrier-mediated components. 4. Best fit of the experimental data was obtained with the two-component model indicating the existence of two Na+-dependent carrier-mediated mechanisms. System 1 and system 2 differ with respect to the transport velocity as well as the substrate affinity constants with Vmax being 2.5-fold and Km being 5-fold higher for system 1 compared with system 2.
Animals↗
Effect of duration of PMSG treatment on induction of oestrus, pregnancy rates and the complications of hyper-oestrogenism in dogs.
In anoestrous bitches, the use of 5 or 10 days of daily PMSG treatments (20 i.u./kg/day) before a single injection of hCG (500 i.u./dog) did not affect the timing of induced pro-oestrus (4-6 days) but did result in a greater incidence of conception (3 of 6 vs 6 of 17), a high rate of successful pregnancy (50% vs 0%), lower preovulatory oestrogen concentrations, and reduced incidence of complications due to hyper-oestrogenism such as thrombocytopenia (0% vs 29%). These results suggest an advantage of 5 over 10 days of priming with PMSG, at the doses used before hCG injection, for induction of fertile oestrus in bitches.
Animals↗
Carprofen in veterinary medicine. II. Inhibitory effect on the release of PGF2 alpha in the early postpartum cow.
Carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, was given intravenously in five cows at a daily dose of 0.7 mg/kg for five days beginning on day 1 postpartum. Blood samples were collected at various times over a period of six days following the first injection. At this dose, carprofen reached highest plasma values of about 45 micrograms/ml after the fifth injection and was well tolerated by all the cows. During the whole experimental period, mean plasma levels of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2 alpha, the primary metabolite of PGF2 alpha, were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in treated than in control animals (28-47% vs 64-101% of pretreatment concentrations). The suppressive effect of carprofen on PGF2 alpha-production occurred immediately after its application and was maximal 3-6 h post injection on the first and on the fifth experimental day (60-80% and 40-85%, respectively). We conclude from our results that carprofen in a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg b.w. effectively suppresses PGF2 alpha-release in the postpartum cow. Whether this effect is beneficial in the treatment of uterine inflammatory processes remains to be determined.
Animals↗