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Biomedical subjects

E Epple

Publications and source records attributed to E Epple.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Capnometry for continuous postoperative monitoring of nonintubated, spontaneously breathing patients.

We continuously monitored spontaneous respiration after extubation by end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) in 19 patients aged 20 to 72 years who had undergone major operations. The respiratory gas was sampled from the nasopharynx via a special nasal catheter and analyzed by a side-stream analyzer. In each case, optimal placement of the nasal catheter was determined by CO2 waveform and the capnograms were recorded for waveform analysis and trend monitoring. PETCO2 was compared with arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) two to four times during the 2- to 19-hour observation periods by simultaneous measurements. For 65 simultaneous measurements, mean PETCO2 was 38.9 +/- 5.7 mm Hg (range, 26.3 to 48.3 mm Hg) and mean PaCO2 was 38.9 +/- 5.7 mm Hg (range, 26.8 to 46.0 mm Hg; r = 0.82; p less than 0.01). While the mean values for PETCO2 and PaCO2 were similar, several patients had large differences for PaCO2 to PETCO2. The differences of the individual patients did not differ significantly between the various times of measurement. We conclude that this form of capnometry is well suited for continuous, noninvasive monitoring of respiration in nonintubated, spontaneously breathing patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Thoughts on alarm processing in intensive care medicine and anesthesia monitoring].

The experiences in alarm processing gained during computerised arrhythmia detection are transferred to the field of intensive care and anaesthesia, and are developed further. Here, the number of considered alarms has to be held as low as possible because there are many more different parameters and devices that can cause an alarm. Within the considered alarm, the number of false alarms must also be minimized. We tried to develop a methodology of alarm processing. Great effort has been spent on a uniform and effective notification, resetting, and documentation of alarms. As a means for alarm notification, acoustical devices with different sounds, lamps with different colours, alphanumeric and graphical screen displays are discussed. The manner of resetting (true/false) determines the subsequent alarm path. Besides special alarm history reports, documentation must connect alarm events with the normal patient records.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

[The "trend magnifier"--a methodological tool for patient monitoring].

In different fields of patient monitoring there is an increasing knowledge about the clinical importance of variations of short-term patterns in the courses of vital parameters. They can be used as diagnostic hints and warning signs as well as means for therapy control. This paper first gives a critical survey of methods suitable to meet the resulting requirements in the operation theater and the postoperative intensive care unit. Then it presents a methodological tool which gives improved possibilities for detecting and analyzing meaningful patterns. Minicomputers or microcomputers are used to sample and to display both the primary signals and the courses of vital parameters (courses of extracted features) in three steps: The first step corresponds to the trend registration in conventional monitoring systems. The vital parameters are registered with sampling intervals between 10 and 30 seconds, and are held for the whole staying period of the patient. In the second step the same parameters are registered for a limited time span with sampling intervals in the order of a beat-to-beat registration. In the third step the primary signals are registered for a certain time span (in a ringbuffer). The sampling interval depends on the individual signal. It should be in the order of 10 ms. After having detected an interesting event, it can be located and studied in more detail by using the second- and third-step-display. From each display, a hardcopy on a multi-color plotter may be produced to overcome the display limitations of the CRT and to obtain legal documents.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1978

[Coronary flow measurements with cine densitometry. II. Quantitative determinations of flow velocities and flow volumes through severe coronary stenoses during rest (author's transl)].

The normal flow values through healthy or moderately narrowed coronary arteries, which had been determined by a new method of cine radiography, together with a computer, were published in this Journal in 1976. In the present paper we report the results of further studies of flow velocity and flow volume through high-grade coronary artery stenosis of severity III and III--IV. Compared with the results obtained on normal and mildly stenosed arteries, measurements at rest through severely stenosed coronaries showed an almost constant flow. The first results on aorto-coronary vein graft measurement are described.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1976

[Coronary flow measurements, using cine densitometry. Results using a multiple detector method. I. Normal flow values in healthy and stenosed coronary arteries during rest (author's transl)].

Coronary blood flow was measured by a cine densitometric method using a newly developed system incorporating computer data analysis. The first results concerning front and wave velocity of a selectively injected contrast bolus are reported. Average absolute flow volumes in the right coronary artery are 114 ml. per minute, in the left coronary artery, 88 ml per minute (RIVA = 52 ml/min., RC = ml/min.). There is good agreement with the results of dye dilution and isotope wash out techniques, but the latter are more complicated and less easily reproduced and therefore less suitable for routine use. The results are critically evaluated.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1975

[Reproducible and congruent radiographs for the study of bone structure].

Radiograms that are reproducible and are as identical as possible are an absolute prerequisite for objective early diagnosis of the smallest changes in the bone structure. Changes that are no longer visible to the naked eye, are recorded by photometry and can be represented objectively by computerized evaluation. It is the object of this study to develop a method for taking roentgenograms with films generally used in the dental office, which allows to always the area always to be radiographed reproducibly. The x-ray machine is described and tested on four patients. The radiograms are photometrically scanned and entered into a computer in order to check the location of the radiograph. The results show that with our method it is possible to take identical radiograms at different times.

Bone Development↗