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Biomedical subjects

E F Jones

Publications and source records attributed to E F Jones.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A technique for bioinstrumentation of the thorax of miniature swine.

A surgical technique for sternal thoracotomy was developed for use in miniature swine. An incision was made from the midpoint of the neck to the tip of the xiphoid cartilage. The thorax was entered by dividing the sternum along its long axis with an electric oscillating saw. The thoracotomy was closed with 3-mm wide polyester fiber umbilical tapes placed around each sternebrae to appose the cut surfaces. The technique provided good access to the cranial vena cava, both atria and appendages, both ventricles, great cardiac veins, coronary sinus, ascending aorta and arch, and the pulmonary artery. Miniature swine tolerated this procedure well. It appeared to be less painful than lateral approaches and produced fewer pleural adhesions because only the mediastinum was entered.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Coronary blood flow in conscious miniature swine during +GZ acceleration stress.

One of the factors determining tolerance to +GZ acceleration may be the ability to maintain adequate coronary blood flow. Consequently, the purpose of these studies was to determine the effect of acute exposure (60 s) to several levels of positive acceleration (+GZ) on total and regional coronary blood flow in conscious adult miniature swine. Blood flow was measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique in chronically instrumented miniature swine during 60-s exposures to accelerations of +3 GZ, +5 GZ, or +7 GZ with anti-G suit support. All levels of acceleration stress caused two- to threefold increases in coronary blood flow. The regional distribution of coronary blood flow during +GZ was similar to that under resting control conditions as long as aortic diastolic pressure was maintained. All left ventricular endocardial/epicardial flow ratios were significantly greater than one, except in two animals, during exposure to +7 GZ. These were the only animals to have aortic diastolic pressures less than 100 Torr during +GZ stress. These studies indicate that, if an animal is able to compensate and maintain a cardiovascular steady State, coronary blood flow will remain adequate for myocardial needs. However, if decompensation occurs and aortic diastolic pressure falls below a critical value, subendocardial blood flow may become inadequate.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Contraceptive efficacy: the significance of method and motivation.

The relationship between contraceptive failure and selected characteristics of users is examined using data collected in the 1970 and 1975 rounds of the National Fertility Study. Intention regarding future childbearing and choice of contraceptive method are found to be the most important considerations. Within categories of intention, choice of method appears to have an important influence on differentials by age and other characteristics. The longitudinal aspect of the study design permitted the inclusion in the analyis of certainty of intention, coital frequency, and women's perceptions of their own ability to control fertility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The end of "Catholic" fertility.

Catholic and non-Catholic fertility during the post-World War II period are compared in this paper. Evidence accumulated across five sample surveys of fertility in the United States, which were conducted at five-year intervals from 1955 through 1975, forms the basis for the analysis; both cohort and period measures are employed. Starting from a situation where Catholic fertility was very little higher than that of non-Catholics, it is shown that the differential increased markedly during the baby boom and then declined to a point where the two trends nearly come together in the mid-1970s. Interpretation of the recent convergence in the light of various theories that have been put forward to explain the differential suggests that it will be an enduring phenomenon.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1976

Epizootic staphylococcal infections in subhuman primates after surgical operation.

In late October, 1974, Staphylococcus aureus postoperative wound infection was recorded in a nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta) which had recently undergone surgical operation. Infection in a second monkey appeared approximately 2 weeks later, and a clustering of 6 cases appeared over the next 3-week period. The clinical spectrum included septicemia in 2 monkeys and skin infection at the surgical incision site of several others. Investigation revealed a uniform and consistent association of a phage group II S aureus strain characterized as 3A/55/71. This strain was also found to be enzootic among other postoperative monkeys sharing or having shared a common postsurgical care unit with infected monkeys. Epizootiologic studies indicated that this unusually virulent S aureus strain probably was introduced by an infected monkey which underwent surgery earlier in the month and that additional monkeys became infected by animal-to-animal transmission. After appropriate control sanitary measures were instituted, no new infections occurred.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular hypertrophy does not predispose to genetic hypertension.

It has been proposed that cardiovascular hypertrophy precedes and contributes to the development of genetic hypertension. In a genetically segregating population we determined whether susceptibility to high blood pressure was associated with cardiovascular structural abnormalities in youth. In 9-week old male F2 rats derived from a cross of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and inbred normotensive Donryu (DRY) rats we determined left ventricular mass (LVM) by echocardiography and the media-lumen ratio (MLR) of mesenteric resistance vessels by biopsy. Direct mean arterial pressure was measured in the same rats at 20 weeks of age. The ranges of LVM and MLR in young F2 rats encompassed values seen SHR and DRY at this age. However, no correlation was observed between LVM or MLR and subsequent blood pressures at 20 weeks of age. The blood pressure of F2 rats with cardiovascular structural phenotypes within the SHR range was no higher than the remainder of the F2 population. These studies do not support the hypothesis that hypertrophy of the heart or mesenteric resistance vessels confer susceptibility to the development of genetic hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive failure rates based on the 1988 NSFG.

Analysis of data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth--corrected for the underreporting of abortion--reveals that contraceptive failure during the first year of use remains a serious problem in the United States, contributing substantially to unintended pregnancy. The pill continues to be the most effective reversible method for which data were available (8% of users accidentally became pregnant during the first year of use), followed by the condom (15%). Periodic abstinence is the method most likely to fail (26%), but accidental pregnancy is also relatively common among women using spermicides (25%). Failure rates vary more by user characteristics such as age, marital status and poverty status than by method, suggesting the extent to which failure results from improper and irregular use rather than from the inherent limitations of the method.

Abortion, Induced↗