PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E F Scanlon

Publications and source records attributed to E F Scanlon.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An epidemiologic study on carcinoma of the breast following irradiation for benign conditions in infancy and childhood.

To investigate the relationship of irradiation during infancy and childhood to the subsequent development of carcinoma of the breast, 996 eligible patients were studied at Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois, and Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago. This was a case-control study, with those in the control group being selected from concurrent hospital admissions for nonmalignant surgical conditions. A second group consisting of those with benign biopsy results was also studied. The Mantel-Haenszel method of analysis, controlling for age and race, was used to estimate the approximate relative risk of carcinoma of the breast in the irradiated group compared with that for the nonirradiated group. The type of radiation history included radiotherapy for mastitis or enlarged thymus (nine patients), irradiation of the head and neck (69 patients), diagnostic fluoroscopies (ten patients) and miscellaneous irradiation (52 patients) for bursitis, eczema or keloid. Based upon the data obtained from the results of this study and its analysis, we conclude that there is little evidence of increased risk of carcinoma of the breast after irradiation about the head, neck and chest areas for benign conditions in the population being studied herein. Such a risk, if indeed it exists at all for this population, is estimated to be about 10 per cent.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Follow-up adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy for stage II and III carcinoma of the breast.

Patients with stage II or III carcinoma of the breast were assigned to one of three adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy treatment groups following radical or modified radical mastectomy. This study compares the efficacy of single drug treatment (melphalan) versus multiple drug regimens (CFP and CFP + BCG). In the initial phase of the project participants in the melphalan group showed a higher recurrence rate than those in the CFP and CFP + BCG groups. The recurrence rate of the melphalan group was 4.4 times higher than the recurrence rate of the combined polychemotherapy arms. However, after the initial phase, the recurrence rates for the polychemotherapy arms steadily increased and approached the dropping rate of the melphalan group. Currently (247 weeks after the beginning of the study and nine months after the last patient accrual), 194 patients have been treated (median follow-up time of 101 weeks), and no significant differences can be detected between the three treatment arms using any of the following criteria: disease-free interval, proportion of recurrence and recurrence rate. The only factors which are significant with respect to recurrence are the two prognostic factors: tumor size and degree of nodal involvement. The two chemotherapy groups, CFP and CFP + BCG, show no significant difference with respect to recurrence rate along the entire span of the study.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Patients' immune response to breast and lung carcinoma-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) specificity.

We report here sensitive and specific measurement of immune responses of patients with certain kinds of carcinoma toward the physically and chemically well defined T antigen isolated from healthy human erythrocytes. Over 90% of adenocarcinoma tissues tested possess T-specific immunoreactive structures as determined with human antisera, in contrast to healthy tissues and benign lesions. Adenocarcinoma patients recognize the carcinoma-associated T antigen as foreign. Delayed-type skin hypersensitivity reaction to T antigen (DTHR-T) was positive in all 25 lung adenocarcinoma patients tested, in 88% of 101 patients with ductal, in 43% of 30 patients with lobular or tubular breast carcinoma and in 9/9 patients with adenocarcinoma of body cavities. Patients of all Stages reacted positively. All 7 patients with small cell lung carcinoma and 3/5 with malignant melanoma had a positive DTHR-T. None of 17 patients with malignant brain tumors, leukemia or Hodgkin's disease, sarcoma or thyroid carcinoma reacted. The DTHR-T was specific in that all 77 healthy persons and 48/49 with other diseases, including 23/24 with non-cancer lung disease were negative; one patient with organizing interstitial pneumonitis was positive. This points to a possible source of false positive reactions. 91% of 149 patients with histologically benign breast disease had a negative DTHR-T; the histology of some of the positive ones was reexamined, 2 proved to have carcinoma in situ.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

The early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Changes in the breast begin at the time of puberty because of the cyclical influence of ovarian hormones. This intermittent stimulation usually results in some nodularity of the breast by the time a woman reaches 30 and frequently at an earlier age. The real importance of fibrocystic disease is related to the problem of differential diagnosis of benign from malignant lumps. Mammography has become the standard method for detecting lumps in the early, nonpalpable stage, but refinements in thermography, ultrasound, and CT scanning may become more useful. Considerable work is apparently being done on various chemical markets, but at the present time, they are not sufficiently reliable for routine clinical use. Fine needle aspiration biopsy with cytologic analysis has become more popular as a detection method, and core needle biopsies with histology are sometimes used. Analysis of nipple secretions for chemical markers or for cytologic diagnosis may become more reliable. A combination of factors will probably give the best results, at least in the foreseeable future, and the judgment of an informed and skilled examiner will remain the best method for the detection of early breast cancer for many years to come.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

The morbidity of total thyroidectomy.

Of 245 total thyroidectomies done over a ten-year period, most were in patients who had previously received irradiation about the head and neck for benign conditions in infancy and childhood. There was no operative mortality, and only one patient had postoperative bleeding requiring reoperation. Of six patients with paralyzed recurrent laryngeal nerves in the immediate postoperative period, vocal cord function returned in all but one over one year. Forty-nine patients required at least one dose of calcium postoperatively, and 41 were taking calcium when discharged from the hospital. After one year, only two patients took calcium regularly; in both, lymph nodes were removed from both paratracheal grooves. In evaluating comparative statistics, increased morbidity of total thyroidectomy needs to be considered on a long-term basis rather than in the immediate postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The importance of the anterior thoracic nerves in modified radical mastectomy.

The medial anterior thoracic nerve supplies the pectoralis minor muscle and costal portion of the pectoralis major muscle. The lateral anterior thoracic nerve supplies the clavicular head and separately, three muscle groups of the sternal head. Any combination of these different muscle groups will become atrophic if the branches of the anterior thoracic nerves are injured. Muscle atrophy of the various groups of muscle bundles may not be apparent for as long as one year after the operation. These observations may be of some importance in the plastic reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1980

Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III breast carcinoma.

Stage II or III breast carcinoma patients were assigned to one of three adjuvant chemotherapy groups after mastectomy. The efficacy of melphalan, vs cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and prednisone (CFP), vs CFP plus BCG vaccine was compared in 173 patients treated for five days every six weeks for the first postoperative year. Tumor size, unfavorable local signs, extent of axillary nodal involvement, menopausal status, and participating hospital were considered in assigning patients to treatment groups. The median follow-up time was 26 months; 24.2% of the patients were studied for more than three years. Recurrent disease occurred in 31.6% of the patients in the melphalan group and in 13.4% and 13.2% in the other two groups. Six patients died of metastatic tumor; three others died of other causes. A favorable significant difference exists for polychemotherapy in prolonging disease-free interval in our series.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Breast cancer patient's cell-mediated immune response to Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen.

Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigenic specificity as determined with human serum anti-T was found in reactive form in breast adenocarcinomata but not in healthy and generally not in benign breast tissues. T-antigenic specificity was demonstrable in all metastatic breast carcinoma lesions. T specificity was also present in adeno- and squamous cell carcinomata from other organs; it was not found in the four melanomata, one glioblastoma, and seven benign non-breast tumors. Breast carcinoma patients but not healthy people showed cellular immunity to T antigen in vivo and in vitro. Most striking was the delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction that was positive in over 85% of the ductal breast carcinoma patients tested, negative in over 94% benign breast disease patients, and in all presumably healthy individuals investigated. T antigen is readily available from healthy red blood cells in uncontaminated form, and free of HL-A and Australia antigens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

A mass screening program for colorectal cancer using chemical testing for occult blood in the stool.

Following five promotional and educational programs on CBS-TV news in Chicago, 54,101 Hemoccult kits were requested by the public and distributed by seven cancer detection facilities. Only 14,074 individuals completed the test. Six hundred and seventeen or 4.38% were positive. Two hundred and fifteen test positive persons failed to respond to repeated notification. In 123 positives, diagnostic tests by the private physician were considered incomplete. In 33 positives, the private physician did no further testing at all. In 152 positives, no abnormality could be found, but work-up was variable. One hundred and eighty-seven had abnormalities other than cancer, including 40 with polyps. Twenty-seven asymptomatic and two symptomatic cancers were found. Nearly two-thirds had Dukes A or B lesions, while one-third had Dukes C tumors. Public compliance in both completing kits and following through with positive results was low. Physician evaluation of positives was often incomplete. Chemical testing for occult fecal blood, when properly combined with other tests such as proctoscopy, has the potential for lowering mortality from colorectal cancer. Continued public and professional education is needed.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma.

The primary mode of spread of basal cell carcinoma is by direct extension. From 1894 to June 1977, 119 cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma were reported in the world literature. We wish to report five additional cases. It is our feeling that the spread of these tumors is by the interstitial route. It is standard teaching that the interstitial embolic spread of cancer does not occur, but these five cases give strong supporting evidence to the previously reported suggestion that this route of spread may be common. The concept has considerable implications regarding treatment of most cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Irradiation induced salivary gland neoplasia.

Twenty-six patients with a prior history of irradiation for benign conditions of the head and neck and salivary gland abnormalities are reported. All the patients had preoperative physical findings suggestive of tumor, not glandular infection. Forty-six per cent of the patients had one carcinoma and 11% had two carcinomas within the irradiated field. Eight of the 11 malignant tumors in these 26 patients were in the parotid gland. The nonmalignant salivery changes were similar to those previously reported in glands receiving therapeutic irradiation for carcinoma.

Female↗