Quality care and lower costs: are they compatible?
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Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Biomedical subjects
E F Soefer
Publications and source records attributed to E F Soefer.
Menarche: target age for reinforcing sex education for adolescents.
Teenage sexual activity has led to an increasing prevalence of pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease in this age group. Attempts at prevention should begin with education. This study compares the ages of menarche with ages of first intercourse among adolescent females in 1971 and 1976, stratified by ethnic group and residence (urban versus rural). Findings demonstrated that an earlier age at menarche is consistently associated with earlier intercourse. Menarche should therefore be used as a target age for reinforcing and expanding adolescent females' knowledge of risks associated with sexual intercourse.
Adolescent↗
Curriculum revision using a three-dimensional model.
A three-dimensional model was developed to guide the process of curriculum revision for a freshman medical student course entitled "Introduction to Primary Care." A four-sided base pyramid represented the conceptual complexities found in the delivery of primary care--the individual, the family, the doctor, and organized medicine at the base corners, and health at the pinnacle. The model served as the theoretical framework for organization of the course content, teaching methods, and evaluation materials.
Curriculum↗
Effects of vaginal spermicides on pregnancy outcome.
The effects of spermicide use around the time of conception on fetal loss, birth weight and sex were examined using data from the 1976 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). There was no evidence that cessation of spermicide use at least one month prior to conception had any effect on the pregnancy outcomes examined. However, the proportion of female births was approximately 25 percent higher among women who used spermicides around the time of conception than among nonusers of spermicides. In addition, women who used spermicides after conception were found to have approximately double the rate of fetal loss experienced by former users, including those who had used spermicides close to the time of conception. The effects of spermicides on birth weight were not statistically significant.
Birth Weight↗