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Biomedical subjects

E Favre

Publications and source records attributed to E Favre.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Fat intakes of children with PKU on low phenylalanine diets.

BACKGROUND: As part of a study on the effects of a fat-supplemented phenylalanine (phe)-free protein substitute on the fatty acid status of children with phenylketonuria (PKU), the adequacy of the diets of children aged 1-10 years for fat and essential fatty acids (EFA) was assessed. METHODS: Subjects randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio to a phe-free protein substitute supplemented with EFA (test-treatment group) or a phe-free, fat-free protein substitute (control group) for 20 weeks. 3-day semi-weighed records of food intakes collected at the end of the study period. RESULTS: Total fat and alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA) intakes were found to be poor in the control group (n = 19). Those in the test-treatment group (n = 24) had higher fat and EFA intakes (P < 0.05), bringing intakes closer to population norms. The youngest children (<5 years of age) in the control group appeared to be especially vulnerable to poor fat intakes because of the restricted diversity of their diets and, regardless of age, alpha-LA intakes by this group were poor compared with the non-PKU population. CONCLUSIONS: The quantity and quality of fat in the diets of children with PKU, in particular young children, should be given careful consideration in trying to optimize the ratio of linoleic acid: alpha-LA in their diets and in satisfying the requirements of this group for fat and alpha-LA.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Physical alginate hydrogels based on hydrophobic or dual hydrophobic/ionic interactions: bead formation, structure, and stability.

Hydrophobically associating alginate (AA) derivatives were prepared by covalent fixation of dodecyl or octadecyl chains onto the polysaccharide backbone (AA-C12/AA-C18). In semidilute solution, intermolecular hydrophobic interactions result in the formation of physical hydrogels, the physicochemical properties of which can be controlled through polymer concentration, hydrophobic chain content, and nonchaotropic salts such as sodium chloride. The mechanical properties of these hydrogels can then be reinforced by the addition of calcium chloride. The combination of both calcium bridges and intermolecular hydrophobic interactions leads to a decrease in the swelling ratio accompanied by an increase of elastic and viscous moduli. Beads made of hydrophobically modified alginate were obtained by dropping an aqueous solution of alginate derivative into a NaCl/CaCl2 solution. As compared to unmodified alginate beads, modified alginate particles proved to be stable in the presence of nongelling cations or calcium-sequestering agents. However, evidence is presented for a more heterogeneous structure than that of plain calcium alginate hydrogels with, in particular, an increase in the effective gel mesh size, as determined by partition and diffusion coefficient measurements.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Description of multicomponent adsorption and absorption phenomena from a single viewpoint.

On the basis of phenomenological thermodynamics, an equation has been derived that represents one of the interphase equilibrium equations and provides a description of both multicomponent adsorption and absorption phenomena from a single point of view. The approach is based on a free-volume state equation for the adsorbed phase. It is shown that the well-known Henry, Langmuir, Fowler-Guggenheim, Temkin, and BET adsorption equations (generalized for gas mixtures) follow directly from the equation proposed with constants having a clear physical meaning.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Plasma cholesterol and endogenous cholesterol synthesis during refeeding in anorexia nervosa.

Normal or high levels of cholesterol have been measured in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Given that cholesterol intake in AN is usually very low, the reasons for this anomaly are not clearly understood. We studied lipid and lipoprotein profiles and endogenous cholesterol synthesis, estimated by serum lathosterol, in a population of 14 girls with AN, before and during a period of 30 days refeeding. The initial body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 13.41+/-1.62 kg/m(2). No changes were observed during refeeding in endocrine parameters (ACTH, cortisol and estradiol). At Day 0 the lipids data measured here showed normal levels of triglycerides, and total cholesterol at the upper limits of the normal range (5.44+/-1 mmol/l). At this time, total and LDL cholesterol were negatively correlated with transthyretin and BMI. Serum lathosterol (a precursor in cholesterol synthesis pathway) increased significantly (5.99+/-1.75 (Day 0) vs. 8.39+/-2.96 (Day 30); P=0.02) while there was a significant decrease in apo B (0.79+/-0.33 (Day 0) vs. 0. 60+/-0.17 g/l (Day 30), P=0.02) with refeeding. Thus, patients with initial high cholesterol levels have the worst nutritional status and high cholesterol levels are not related to a de novo synthesis. This profile returns to normal with refeeding. An increase of cellular cholesterol uptake may be responsible for this apparently paradoxical evolution with increase of cholesterol synthesis and decrease of apo B during renutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Osteosynthesis of subcondylar fractures using compression screws with the Eckelt technic. Experiences and difficulties with the technic over 5 years].

With creation of new fixation material, the surgical treatment of displaced subcondylar fractures is most frequently used in adults. The Eckelt compression osteosynthesis is described as an easy procedure in the current literature, but, in our experience, several problems require our attention. We report the treatment of 57 patients with displaced subcondylar fractures where compression osteosynthesis was indicated. The difficulty of this technique is presented on the basis of a 5-years experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Halitosis in 1999].

Bad breath is a major concern to the general population and a source of an important profit industry world wide. Between 50 and 60 per cent of the population suffer from chronic halitosis. This can have consequences for private or professional life. Reasons can imply many specialities: ENT, gastro-enterology, pneumology, hepatology, genetics and psychiatry (a high percentage of the patients who come to the clinic with a primary complaint of halitosis do not have a detectable problem). Nevertheless, 85% are stomatological and are explained by the release of volatile sulfur compounds. These substances have a very offensive odor in very low concentrations. A specialized device called a halimeter is available to measure the volatile sulphur compounds in mouth air but in practice the objective assessment of malodor is still best performed by the organoleptic method. A careful examination can determine the patient's problem in most cases. Initial treatment strategy should focus on the exact cause and on oral hygiene. In addition to the usual recommendations, the daily use of tongue cleaners is very beneficial. Other than etiologic therapy, masking can be achieved by oral care products (mouth rinses, toothpastes, chewing gums) which contain metal ions, especially zinc, that inhibit odor formation because of its affinity to sulphur compounds.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Streptomyces somaliensis mycetoma with craniofacial involvement].

Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin from which grains of the causative organism are eliminated via the sinus tracts. We report a rare case of cephalic mycetoma, which presented with an extensive involvement of the skull vault, base and an extradural granuloma. The diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1998

[Gunshot wounds and injuries of the face in civilian practice].

Firearm wounds are relatively frequent in civilian practice. Due to the variable power of the weapons involved, a wide range of maxillofacial lesions are encountered and classification is a difficult task. In order to predict the gravity of the lesions, we have drawn a classification scheme from our experience with maxillofacial injuries. The scheme was based on the kind of ammunition which gives a better classification than the type of weapon. Three main categories have been identified.

Accidents↗
PubMed1998

[Parietal grafts in maxillofacial and pre-implant surgery].

Due to the recent regulations generated by the diversity of infectious risks, autologous bone is the standard graft material in maxillofacial surgery. Although synthetic biomaterials can be useful, they remain insufficient in many situations. Among the many sites offering graft material, monocortical parietal bone which is accessible within the craniocephalic operative field has distinguishing characteristics due to its membranous embryological origin and its mode of direct ossification which does not include a cartilaginous stage. The proportion of cancellous bone per unit volume is much higher than in enchondral bone (iliac bone, ribs...). These factors are undoubtedly the source of its main qualities--very little resorption and excellent capacity for bony integration--motivating its increasingly widespread use over the past twenty years. We present our experience in a series of patients who underwent surgery between 1992 and 1997. Parietal bone was used for orthognathic, pre-implant or reconstruction surgery after trauma or carcinological trauma. We present a description of the surgical procedures together with morbidity results and compare our findings with those found in large series in the literature, particularly concerning rare neuromeningeal complications. We discuss indications for parietal grafts and their course at the receiver site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Structure-activity relationships in platelet-activating factor (PAF). 7. Tetrahydrofuran derivatives as dual PAF antagonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Synthesis and PAF-antagonistic activity.

2,5-Disubstituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives present a dual activity: they are effective PAF antagonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. In this paper their synthesis and in vitro PAF-antagonistic effect are described. Introduction in position 2 of a long aliphatic chain bearing a carbamate group and a pyridinium moiety appears to be required for potent platelet aggregation inhibition. Substitution in position 5, or cis-trans isomerism do not induce any increase in activity. No correlation can be established between global lipophilicity and the anti-aggregant activity. Structural requirements for a potent activity are discussed and are consistent with the hypothesis we have proposed for the PAF receptor considered as a multipolarized structure with alternants of electropositive, electronegative and hydrophobic areas.

Carbamates↗
PubMed1996

Structure-activity relationships in platelet-activating factor (PAF). 8. Tetrahydrofuran derivatives as dual PAF antagonists and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and comparative SAR.

2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran derivatives display a dual functionality: they are PAF antagonists and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. In vitro anti-AChE activity and in vivo trials are presented herein. These compounds are competitive and potent AChE inhibitors. Structure-activity relationships are described and compared with PAF-antagonist results. The presence of an onium group, a suitable distance supplied by a chain of 7 or 10 carbon atoms separating the function from the polar head and an appreciable chain hydrophobicity (4 < sigma f < 7) are the main features required for a dual activity. The derivatives are evaluated in a mouse passive avoidance model. Only compounds with both activities are able to reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia. In addition, they display a very weak toxicity.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1993

Constant flowrate filtration of hybridoma cells suspensions.

The fouling mechanism of rotating sieves (also called spinfilters) in suspended mammalian cells reactors is still poorly understood, and their design is consequently largely empirical. A laboratory set-up enabling constant flowrate filtration experiments is reported and its use described in order to study the fouling kinetics of 10 microns opening sieves by suspended hybridomas. Significant differences were obtained depending upon cell type and cell viability, under similar operating conditions. A roughly linear pressure drop increase, as predicted by constant flowrate incompressible cake filtration models, was obtained for most experiments. However, the influences of pumping flowrate and cell concentration on pressure drop evolution do not obey incompressible cake constant flowrate filtration laws; a surface colonization approach could possibly lead to a better description in that case.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Channel interactions in patients using the Ineraid multichannel cochlear implant.

Electrode interactions were investigated on two totally deaf patients fitted with the Ineraid multichannel cochlear implant. Currents were applied to the most apical electrode (the 'perturbation' electrode) and their effects on psychophysical thresholds on the other electrodes (the 'test' electrodes) of the intracochlear array were studied. Two experimental protocols were used. In experiment I, we used a detection protocol to study how the perception of signals presented on each test electrode was affected by subthreshold, simultaneous or non-simultaneous stimulation of the perturbation electrode. Strong electrode interactions were observed with simultaneous stimulation and monotonically decreased as a function of electrode separation. Electrode interactions were weak with non-simultaneous stimulation. In experiment II, we used a discrimination protocol to study how the perception of signals presented on the test electrode was affected by suprathreshold, non-simultaneous stimulation of the perturbation electrode. Subjects could discriminate stimulation of 'perturbation+test' versus 'perturbation alone' when the level of stimulation on the test electrode was near threshold. These results demonstrate that strong electrode interactions in the Ineraid multichannel cochlear implant system are generated by electrical field summation due to simultaneous stimulation of different electrodes, and that one can reduce electrode interactions by sequential activation of the electrodes. These observations might help to understand basic phenomena underlying recent significant improvements in speech recognition scores when switching from simultaneous to interleaved pulsatile stimulation in patients wearing the same cochlear implant system (Wilson et al., 1991).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Intermittent infusions of dobutamine in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure in the terminal stage].

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent dobutamine infusions in patients with end-stage congestive heart failure. Twenty-four patients with NYHA Stage IV congestive heart failure were included. Mean age was 65.8 years (range 40-85). All patients were under optimal medical therapy with digitalis, diuretics and vasodilating agents. Diagnosis was coronary heart disease in 11 patients, dilated cardiomyopathy in 9, and valvular incompetence in 4. Dobutamine was given in an initial dosage of 2.5 micrograms/kg/min increased by 2.5 micrograms/kg/min every 15 minutes until the desired effect was achieved. Mean dosage was 10 micrograms/kg/min. Patients were given an identical infusion two weeks later, then at monthly intervals after improvement of the clinical status. Heart failure stage was improved in all patients: 14 patients were stage II and 10 were stage III. Ejection fraction failed to improve (19.5 +/- 10 to 18.5 +/- 5). Mortality rate was 5% at one year, 24% at two years, and 45% at four years.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An engineering analysis of rotating sieves for hybridoma cell retention in stirred tank bioreactors.

The use of internal rotating sieves for perfused hybridoma culture offers unique advantages but has been up to now largely empirical. Calculations have been performed on a 15 l spinfilter stirred tank in order to have an idea of hydrodynamic conditions inside and outside the rotating sieve. The large peripheral velocity value, resulting from sieve rotation (compared to axial and radial velocities) is expected to affect strongly sieve surface colonization by cells; this is confirmed by lab scale experiments, showing that cell colonization is prevented providing sieve rotation exceeds a defined value (around 0.6 m.s.1 tip speed); the fluid removal force calculated under these conditions appears to be in the range of 10 pN, similar to the adhesion force already reported for mammalian cells attached to inorganic substrata.

Animals↗