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E Feil

Publications and source records attributed to E Feil.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

A single p450 allele associated with insecticide resistance in Drosophila.

Insecticide resistance is one of the most widespread genetic changes caused by human activity, but we still understand little about the origins and spread of resistant alleles in global populations of insects. Here, via microarray analysis of all P450s in Drosophila melanogaster, we show that DDT-R, a gene conferring resistance to DDT, is associated with overtranscription of a single cytochrome P450 gene, Cyp6g1. Transgenic analysis of Cyp6g1 shows that overtranscription of this gene alone is both necessary and sufficient for resistance. Resistance and up-regulation in Drosophila populations are associated with a single Cyp6g1 allele that has spread globally. This allele is characterized by the insertion of an Accord transposable element into the 5' end of the Cyp6g1 gene.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

[Manubriosternal dislocation caused by indirect flexion-compression trauma. A case report and review of the literature].

Manubriosternal dislocation caused by indirect flexion-compression trauma is an extremely rare condition. Two forms of manubriosternal luxation are distinguished: in type I the sternum is dislocated posterior and in type II anterior to the manubrium. Direct or indirect trauma may cause manubriosternal dislocation. Mode of injury in direct trauma is mostly a head-on collition in a motor accident resulting either in type I or type II luxation. The unusual origin of manubriosternal dislocation by indirect trauma is put down to flexion-compression injuries of the thoracic spine and results in a type II dislocation. Predisposition to manubriosternal dislocation by indirect trauma consists in rheumatoid arthritis or extreme forms of kyphosis. Outcome of many patients treated conservatively after initial reposition with adhesive tape, symptomatic pain therapy, cryotherapy and prohibition of any physical training over several weeks is subluxation or complete luxation of the manubriosternal joint. This condition may lead to chronic pain, periarticular calcification with ankylosis and progredient deformation. Lacking a controlled study for treatment of manubriosternal dislocation a standard therapeutic regime could not be established yet. In the literature only a few case-reports of patients undergoing operative therapy are published. We report a type II dislocation of the manubriosternal joint caused by indirect flexion-compression trauma. We achieved a very good long-term result using a 8-hole 1/3 tubular plate for fixation of the manubriosternal joint after reposition.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Scedosporiosis of the brain with fatal outcome after traumatizatio of the foot. case report].

A 33 year old German man suffered from a wound of his foot after an accident. He developed an osteomyelitis. From wound probes Scedosporium apiospermum could be isolated for several times. Some weeks later a cerebral lesion could be diagnosed. The lesion was extirpated and again S. apiospermum could be cultured from the cerebral probes. A few weeks later the patient died and some new cerebral lesions could be diagnosed by CT-scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms.

Traditional and molecular typing schemes for the characterization of pathogenic microorganisms are poorly portable because they index variation that is difficult to compare among laboratories. To overcome these problems, we propose multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which exploits the unambiguous nature and electronic portability of nucleotide sequence data for the characterization of microorganisms. To evaluate MLST, we determined the sequences of approximately 470-bp fragments from 11 housekeeping genes in a reference set of 107 isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from invasive disease and healthy carriers. For each locus, alleles were assigned arbitrary numbers and dendrograms were constructed from the pairwise differences in multilocus allelic profiles by cluster analysis. The strain associations obtained were consistent with clonal groupings previously determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. A subset of six gene fragments was chosen that retained the resolution and congruence achieved by using all 11 loci. Most isolates from hyper-virulent lineages of serogroups A, B, and C meningococci were identical for all loci or differed from the majority type at only a single locus. MLST using six loci therefore reliably identified the major meningococcal lineages associated with invasive disease. MLST can be applied to almost all bacterial species and other haploid organisms, including those that are difficult to cultivate. The overwhelming advantage of MLST over other molecular typing methods is that sequence data are truly portable between laboratories, permitting one expanding global database per species to be placed on a World-Wide Web site, thus enabling exchange of molecular typing data for global epidemiology via the Internet.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Decreased endotoxin-binding capacity of whole blood in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The proinflammatory effects of endotoxemia, which is often observed in alcohol-abusing patients with various degrees of liver disease, may be modulated by changes in the concentration of endotoxin binding factors. Therefore, the plasma endotoxin concentration and the overall endotoxin binding capacity of whole blood were measured in these patients. METHODS: Patients with minor (A1; n=27), more pronounced (A2; n=13), cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease (A3; n=18), and non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NC; n=6), and 15 healthy control persons (HC) were included in the study. Endotoxin plasma levels were determined using a standardized limulus assay. A modified assay was applied to additionally detect tightly bound endotoxin. To measure the endotoxin-binding capacity, aliquots of whole blood were incubated with serial dilutions of endotoxin, supernatants were obtained, and endotoxin retrieval was estimated by addition of limulus lysate, followed by photometric measurement of the maximal reaction velocity (dODmax). Endotoxin binding capacity equals the endotoxin concentration at which dODmax reaches a predefined threshold. RESULTS: All groups of alcohol abusers had significantly elevated endotoxin plasma levels with a considerable portion of 'bound' endotoxin. Conversely, the endotoxin binding capacity was markedly diminished, mainly in patients with more advanced liver disease (A1: 85.8% of the control value [non-significant vs. controls]; A2: 25.4% [p<0.05]; A3: 43.6% [p<0.02], NC: 43.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The endotoxin-binding capacity is diminished in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis, as well as in less advanced alcoholic liver disease. Reduced endotoxin binding may contribute to the adverse effects of endotoxemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the adk and recA genes of pathogenic and commensal Neisseria species: evidence for extensive interspecies recombination within adk.

The sequences of the adenylate kinase gene (adk) and the RecA gene (recA) were determined from the same isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, N. lactamica, N. polysaccharea, N. cinerea, N. mucosa, N. pharyngis var. flava, N. flavescens, and N. animalis. The patterns of sequence divergence observed at adk and recA were very different. Dendrograms constructed from the recA data using two different algorithms were statistically robust and were congruent with each other and with the relationships between the species previously proposed using other data. In contrast, the dendrograms derived from the adk data were noncogruent with each other, and with those from the recA data, and were statistically poorly supported. These results, along with the uniform distribution of pairwise sequence divergences between the species at adk, suggest there has been a history of interspecies recombination within the adk gene of the human Neisseria species which has obscured the phylogenetic relationships between the species. This view was supported by Sawyer's runs test, and the Index of Association (IA) between codons, which provided significant evidence for interspecies recombination between the adk genes from the human Neisseria species, but no evidence of interspecies recombination between the recA sequences.

Adenylate Kinase↗
PubMed1995

Electrophoretic variation in adenylate kinase of Neisseria meningitidis is due to inter- and intraspecies recombination.

In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, the electrophoretic variation in housekeeping enzymes from natural populations is assumed to have arisen by the accumulation of stochastic predominantly neutral mutations. In the naturally transformable bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, we show that variation in the electrophoretic mobility of adenylate kinase is due to inter- and intraspecies recombination rather than mutation. The nucleotide sequences of the adenylate kinase gene (adk) from isolates that express the predominant slow electrophoretic variant were rather uniform, differing in sequence at an average of 1.1% of nucleotide sites. The adk sequences of rare isolates expressing the fast migrating variant were identical to each other but had a striking mosaic structure when compared to the adk genes from strains expressing the predominant variant. Thus the sequence from the fast variants was identical to those of typical slow variants in the first 158 bp of the gene but differed by 8.4% in the rest of the gene (nt 159-636). The fast electrophoretic variant appears to have arisen by the replacement of most of the meningococcal gene with the corresponding region from the adk gene of a closely related Neisseria species. The adk genes expressing the electrophoretic variant with intermediate mobility were perfect, or almost perfect, recombinants between the adk genes expressing the fast and slow variants. Recombination may, therefore, play a major role in the generation of electrophoretically detectable variation in housekeeping enzymes of some bacterial species.

Adenylate Kinase↗
PubMed1995

Interspecies recombination in nature: a meningococcus that has acquired a gonococcal PIB porin.

A vaginal isolate of Neisseria has been reported to resemble Neisseria meningitidis in biochemical characteristics but to react with serological reagents that are specific to the PI porin from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We have confirmed that this isolate has the biochemical attributes of a meningococcus and have shown that it clusters among meningococcal isolates on a dendrogram based on isoenzyme variation within housekeeping enzymes from populations of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. Furthermore, the sequences of the fbp and adk genes were typical of those of N. meningitidis and were distinct from those of N. gonorrhoeae. However, the porB gene was very similar to the por genes of N. gonorrhoeae isolates that express the PIB class of outer-membrane porin (differing from one gonococcal por allele at only a single nucleotide site), and was clearly distinct from the porB genes of N. meningitidis. The isolate therefore appears to be a typical meningococcus, except that its porB gene has been replaced with the por gene from a gonococcus.

Adenylate Kinase↗
PubMed1992

[Peri-graft reaction. A complication after implantation of a prosthesis shunt in children with congenital cyanotic heart defects].

Two different clinical manifestations of perigraft-reactions complicating the implantation of prosthetic aortopulmonary shunts in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease are described and discussed. The incidence of this complication in the past 5 years in our own patients was 3%. The appearance of a localized mass on the chest film surrounding the prosthesis requires the exclusion of a hematoma, aneurysm or inflammation. In the case of a massive serous pleural effusion examination of the ingredients leads to diagnosis. Concerning our own patients the fluid is identical with serum; the leakage through the prosthesis can therefore be called plasmapheresis. The claimed pathogenetic causes are discussed intensively, including a chylothorax promoting this complication in the second case. Local variations in porosity and structure of the implanted prosthesis may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of perigraft-reaction, as indicated by both our reported cases. In the event of unsuccessful observation of a localized perigraft seroma or of unsuccessful chest drainage of a massive pleural serous effusion, graft replacement and placement of a different graft material are found to have the best results.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗