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Biomedical subjects

E Fossberg

Publications and source records attributed to E Fossberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Automated constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis applied for detection of KRAS exon 1 mutations.

In this study, we have applied automated constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis (ACDCE) for the detection of KRAS exon 1 mutations. Samples from 191 sporadic colon carcinomas previously analyzed for KRAS mutations with allele-specific PCR (ASPCR), temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE), and constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE) were analyzed. In ACDCE, an unmodified ABI Prism 310 genetic analyzer with constant denaturant conditions separated fluorescein-labeled PCR products. Temperature in combination with a chemical denaturant was used for separation. The optimal separation conditions for PCR-amplified KRAS exon 1 fragments were determined by adjusting the temperature before electrophoresis. In the ACDCE analysis, the sequence of a mutant was determined by comparing the electropherogram of the fragment to that of known mutations followed by mixing the sample with control mutations before reanalysis. In a titration experiment mixing mutant and wild-type alleles, the sensitivity for mutation detection was shown to be 0.6% in this automated CDCE technique. The automation of CDCE allowed rapid analysis of a large number of test samples over as short period of time and with a commercially available apparatus.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1997

[Interstitial laser coagulation in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Preliminary results].

51 patients aged 68 (range 52-81) years with lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with obstruction from benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with interstitial laser coagulation (ILC). Postoperative urinary retention lasting less than one week was seen in the majority of cases. All patients were followed up for three months and ten cases had further follow-up after one year. Three months after treatment the international prostate symptom score decreased from 23.3 +/- 0.7 to 8.9 +/- 0.8 and was 10.2 +/- 2.1 after one year. Peak urinary flow increased concomitantly from 8.3 +/- 0.4 to 12.2 +/- 0.7 at three months and was 11.5 +/- 1.4 ml/sec after one year. Three patients received other, additional treatment because the ILC-treatment failed. In conclusion, interstitial laser coagulation had marked effects on symptoms, whereas the effects on objective parameters were less pronounced in this selected group of patients. However, more extensive follow-up, is essential for further evaluation of this new treatment procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Maximal electrical stimulation in the treatment of unstable detrusor and urge incontinence.

Ninety-one patients with unstable detrusor and urge incontinence were treated with maximal electrical stimulation. There were 17 dropouts. From the remaining 74 patients 51 were subjectively cured or significantly improved, this effect lasted for more than 6 weeks in 40. Objectively a significant decrease in frequency was found, also a significant increase in bladder volume. No effect on detrusor pressure at bladder contraction was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fiber-optic versus microtip transducers in simultaneous urethrocystometry. A comparative study.

A comparative study of a new fiber-optic transducer versus a microtip transducer was performed in 13 females. A good correlation was found on bladder pressure. The urethral pressure diverged considerably, as the pressures measured with the fiber-optic transducer were about two thirds of the pressures found with the microtip. The functional urethral length measured with the fiber-optic transducer was also shorter.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Neodymium:YAG laser irradiation of urinary bladder tumors. Follow-up study of 100 consecutively treated patients.

Advanced laser beam technology has made endoscopic destruction of urinary bladder tumors possible. The neodymium: YAG laser is more suited for this purpose than the other available laser systems because of the higher penetration power into biological tissue. Small superficial tumors are particularly suitable for this treatment, but it is also possible to deal with muscle invasive tumors. The treatment procedure is simple and well tolerated by the patients. Recurrence of tumor in the irradiated area can be avoided by precise irradiation. In spite of being a no-touch technique, however, laser does not appear to prevent the occurrence of new tumors in nonirradiated areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effects of terodiline and meladrazine on severe motor urge incontinence in geriatric patients.

Twenty-five geriatric patients with severe motor urge incontinence were treated with terodiline and meladrazine separately and in combination. Because of poor general state of health and serious concomitant diseases the frequency of dropouts was high. Separate administration of the drugs improved the majority of the patients subjectively, but not sufficient for complete continence. Urodynamically, however, significant improvement was found only with terodiline. On combined administration with both drugs, seven of 15 patients became completely continent, seven were improved, and one remained unchanged, but additional urodynamic improvement was not demonstrated. Meladrazine caused a high incidence of side effects; therefore, treatment with terodiline separately is recommended for geriatric patients who have severe motor urge incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Urethral sphincteric insufficiency in postmenopausal females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine and estriol separately and in combination. A urodynamic and clinical evaluation.

A randomized open comparative cross-over trial was carried out in 20 postmenopausal women, mean age 69 years, suffering from urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincteric insufficiency. They were treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) 50 mg p.o. twice daily or estriol vaginal suppositories 1 mg daily separately and in combination for periods of 4 weeks. Urodynamic investigations were carried out before and after each period of treatment. Both PPA and estriol increased the maximal urethral closure pressure and the continence area significantly compared to the initial values, but combined treatment was substantially more effective. The functional urethral length increased significantly while on estriol. No significant change was registered in the bladder pressure or in the pressure transmission ratio. PPA was clinically more effective than estriol, but not sufficient to obtain complete continence. With combined treatment 8 patients became completely continent, 9 were considerably improved and only 1 patient remained unchanged. 2 patients dropped out of the study because of side effects. Combined treatment with PPA and estriol represents a recommendable treatment to postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincteric insufficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Stress incontinence in females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine. A urodynamic and pharmacological evaluation.

23 females, mean age 53 years, with genuine stress incontinence were treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA), 50 mg twice daily, versus placebo. Simultaneous urethrocystometry with recording of the transmission of increased abdominal pressure to the bladder and the urethra was carried out, and serum concentration of PPA measured and related to subjective effect, effect on the maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and on the pressure transmission ratio. 3 patients were excluded, 1 because of side effects, and 2 were dropouts. 12 patients reported improvement while on PPA, but none became continent. 3 patients improved on placebo. The remaining patients were unchanged. A plasma level of PPA of more than 150 ng/ml seemed necessary to obtain an effect; this level was reached after approximately 90 min after intake of 50 mg. Objectively a rise in MUCP was recorded, but there was no correlation between serum concentration and the increase in MUCP. An improvement of the pressure transmission ratio was also recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Incompetent urethral closure mechanism in females. Experimental and clinical studies with special reference to diagnosis and classification.

UNLABELLED: A urethral/bladder model was placed in a reservoir simulating the abdominal cavity. Increased "intraabdominal' pressure was transmitted to the urethra-like part of the model only when this was situated inside the "abdominal cavity'. The use of H2O and CO2 as filling medium was indifferent as only the relation between rise in urethral pressure and in bladder pressure is of practical importance. However, the increase in transmitted pressure was 25% lower than CO2 was used. Incompetent urethral closure mechanism is found in three categories of female patients: (1) patients with sensory urge who have an unstable urethra, (2) patients with genuine stress incontinence, and (3) patients who have a sphincteric insufficiency due to a low maximal urethral closure pressure and atrophy of the urethral mucosa. These categories can be separated urodynamically using simultaneous urethracystometry combined with transmission studies. Out of 20 patients with sensory urge 16 were found to have an unstable urethra. Transmission studies in 51 women with symptoms of stress incontinence revealed positive transmission, i.e. the increase in urethral pressure exceeded the rise in bladder pressure, in 23 patients. They were all elderly women and had a low maximal urethral closure pressure and their leakage of urine was due to an endourethral weakness. The remaining 28 patients had negative transmission and thus genuine stress incontinence. IN CONCLUSION: To classify the three different types of incompetent urethral closure mechanism it is necessary to perform a simultaneous urethracystometry, in which transmission studies are mandatory, as this is the most appropriate way to distinguish between patients who will benefit from operation and patients who will not.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Urinary incontinence in old age.

Urinary incontinence is a common problem in old age, particularly among geriatric patients. Previous studies have shown an incidence of about 10% among old people in the community and about 30% among patients in nursing homes. The treatment so far has mainly been by catheter a demeure or napkins. In 1979 a study among 100 incontinent nursing home patients in Oslo was undertaken with the special intention to obtain correct classification and optimal treatment of the incontinence. The history in these cases was often misleading. Urodynamic investigations were therefore performed to obtain objective assessment. It appeared that most of the patients suffered from several conditions in their lower urinary tract which could be responsible for the incontinence. The results of treatment were acceptable as 38% of the patients became continent, 30% were improved whereas only 30% remained unchanged. It is concluded that urodynamic investigations are necessary to obtain a correct and differentiated diagnosis. If this is done appropriate treatment can be given. A plea is therefore made for using simultaneous urethrocystometry as a routine investigation in elderly patients with urinary incontinence.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Urodynamic studies before and after retropubic urethropexy for stress incontinence in females.

Twenty-nine women, with a mean age of 47 years, having stress incontinence were investigated urodynamically before and after retropubic urethropexy. No major changes of the urethral pressure profile could be demonstrated. However, good correlations were noted between the clinical results and the changes in transmission of increased abdominal pressure to the urethra. It is concluded that both the maximal urethral closure pressure and the pressure transmission ratio are important parameters in selecting patients with stress incontinence who will benefit from surgical treatment and those who will not.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sensory urgency in females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine.

34 females with sensory urge incontinence have been treated with phenylpropanolamine, 50 mg twice daily, and in some cases alternatively with placebo. Subjective effect of the treatment was reported in 22 of the 34 patients, in only three cases out of 15 was a similar good response achieved with placebo. Objectively we found no significant difference either in maximum urethral pressure or in functional urethral length after treatment. Maximal bladder volume was markedly increased in four cases. There were no cases with uninhibited bladder contractions, compliance before and after treatment was normal. The most conspicuous objective finding urodynamically was a stabilization of the condition described as "unstable urethra", where the urethral pressure variation repeatedly exceeded 15 cm H2O. This stabilization was observed in 11 out of 14 cases with this condition in whom the clinical effect was also reported as good.

Adolescent↗