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Biomedical subjects

E G Demina

Publications and source records attributed to E G Demina.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Use of allikor for the normalization of fibrinolysis and hemostasis in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases].

A new form of garlic preparation--long-acting tablets of garlic powder allicor has been studied in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis (CA) complicated by chronic cerebrovascular pathology. A double blind placebo-controlled trial examined allicor effects on hemostasis and fibrinolysis in cross-over groups at two stages. At the first stage patients of group 1 (n = 15) received allicor in a dose 600 mg/day; patients of group 2 (n = 14) were given placebo. At the second stage group 1 received place and group 2 allicor in the same regimen. Before the treatment allicor effects on platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis were studied in vitro (20 patients). Allicor significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo, reduced blood fibrinogen, normalized initially low fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolysis index. Due to the above properties allicor can be used for prevention and treatment of CA complicated by chronic cerebrovascular pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Biochemical mechanisms of impaired neuroimmune interaction in multiple sclerosis].

Neurotransmitters and cytokines that play a key role in the mechanisms of interaction of the nervous and immune systems have been studied in both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 195 patients with multiple sclerosis. The findings suggest that neurotransmitters and cytokines play a role in the pathochemical mechanisms of development of the disease and that certain neurotransmitter systems are involved into the development of some neurological symptoms. It was proposed that excitotoxic mechanisms are responsible for the damages to nervous tissue and for death of oligodendroglial cells in multiple sclerosis. Alterations in norepinephrine levels and platelet serotonergic indices may be manifestations of compensatory protective mechanisms that resulted in activation of primarily suppressor T-lymphocytes. The inflammatory cytokines--interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha participate in the mechanisms of pathologic process activation and in the development of the disease. On the contrary, interferon-alpha was supposed to promote remission and involved in the mechanisms of a favorable course of multiple sclerosis that testified the necessity of differential immunocorrection at different stages of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Ascolong: a new buccal dosage form of acetylsalicylic acid to be used and antiaggregant].

AIM: Study of the tolerance and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ascolong, a new buccal dosage form of aspirin containing a very low dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA): 12.5 mg. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in 43 healthy men (assessment of the drug tolerance) and 19 male patients with coronary disease or cerebrovascular disorders. In 10 patients the antiaggregant efficacy of ascolong administered once or regularly (for 2 weeks) in a dose of 12.5 mg was compared with placebo, in 9 patients a random cross study of 2-week courses of ascolong and Russian aspirin tablets in a dose of 100 mg was carried out. Platelet aggregation was assessed on days 1 and 14 of each course before and 2, 4, and 24 h after the drug intake. RESULTS: Ascolong containing a very low dose of ASA exerts a reliable antiaggregant effect after a single and regular intake, although this effect is less manifest than after aspirin tablets. Profiles of ASA concentrations in the blood were studied. Transbuccal entry of ASA in systemic circulation decelerated its metabolism into a less active metabolite, salicylic acid, due to which fact the ASA microdose had an expressed antiaggregant effect. The drug was sufficiently well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The new buccal film form of aspirin containing a very low dose of ASA possesses a good antiaggregant effect and is promising in subjects with contraindications to oral intake of aspirin.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed1997

[Neurotransmitter changes in multiple sclerosis].

Elevated levels of norepinephrine and of excitatory amino acids (glutamate, aspartate) were observed in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis while there were elevated content of glutamine, asparagine and glycine in their blood. An important point concerning these results was the relation between biochemical indices and the character of neurological symptoms, their severity as well as the course of the disease. The role of neurotransmitters in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and particularly in biochemical mechanisms of the relation between nervous and immune system that underlie the development of neurological deficiencies is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Neurotransmitter changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

The results of investigation concerning both total and cerebral catecholamine metabolism indices in 78 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are presented. The considerable elevation of both blood and liquor norepinephrine level as well as of blood epinephrine concentration was observed together with acute decrease of platelet MAO B activity. The conclusion was made about the participation of catecholamines in exitotoxic mechanisms of motor neurons systems death which was quite characteristic for ALS development. A short literary review was presented concerning the role of neurotransmitters in regulation of motor functions. The neurochemical disturbances which may result in release of exitotoxic mechanisms of ALS were considered too. The consideration of data obtained as well as the analysis of modern conceptions of ALS pathogenesis enable both to determine some ways of ALS pathogenetic therapy and to define the basic directions of further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The pathology of catecholamine metabolism in cerebrovascular diseases].

Blood catecholamines were investigated with high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection in 95 patients with cerebrovascular affections. On day 1-3 since ischemic apoplexy blood norepinephrine and dopamine levels increased significantly. This is possibly due to their active release from neurons in brain tissue ischemia. High blood catecholamines are thought an unfavourable factor aggravating the disease and responsible for cardiac sequelae. Ways of cerebral tissue protection in case of ischemia are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Pathological status of catecholamines in the corpus striatum in hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson-Konovalov disease)].

The content of catecholamines in the striatum was measured in 2 patients suffering from hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson-Konovalov disease). It is noted that in different clinical manifestations of the disease, the changes in the content of noradrenaline in the striatum varied. A male patient with marked tremor spreading manifested a considerable rise of the content of catecholamines, primarily in the n. caudatus. At the same time in a female patient with a grave akinetic -rigid syndrome and the signs of liver failure, the content of catecholamines, particularly dopamine, in the putamen was low. In view of this fact it is assumed that disorders of cerebral metabolism of catecholamines, dopamine in particular, evidently related to deposition of excess copper, leading to the changes of their content in basal ganglia underline the clinical pleomorphism of the disease and play the key role in the development of extrapyramidal motor disturbances characteristic of hepatocerebral dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Catecholamine metabolism in extrapyramidal disorders in patients with chronic hypertensive encephalopathy].

Total and cerebral metabolism of catecholamines (CA) was examined in patients with associated chronic hypertonic encephalopathy and extrapyramidal disorders. It was discovered for the first time that there was an increase in noradrenaline in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid together with a lowering of the content of dopamine and major metabolite thereof along the pathway of oxidative deamination of homovanillic acid. CA metabolism was shown to correlate with the patients' age, duration and gravity of extrapyramidal disorders. It is suggested that the revealed metabolic disorders of CA--neurotransmitters which are likely to underlie the development of neurological deficiency and characteristic mental disorders occur as a result of the diverse complex of biochemical alterations and are related both to the complex mechanisms of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and ischemic injury to the brain as well as to the localization in the brain of lacunar infarctions. The complexity of the pathogenic treatment of the disease is emphasized. The main approaches to the pharmacological correction of the revealed disorders are outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological changes in experimental cerebral ischemia].

The results of experiments performed in Wistar rats are indicative of the catecholamine release during the first hours of developing cerebral ischemia, and their role in activation of lipid peroxidation (LP). These events were characteristically enhanced in the ischemic hemisphere where EEG changes were most pronounced. Maximal changes in slow parieto-occipital EEG waves amplitude and malonic dialdehyde levels in the brain tissue were also correlated. This metabolic-electrophysiological link than could be of major importance for EEG monitoring of brain pathochemistry and pathology needs, however, further investigation. Among pathological findings, the relationship between the degree of ischemic neuronal changes on one hand, and brain swelling and hyperemia on the another, was worth attention. The lack in distinct correlations between metabolic, electrophysiological and structural changes in the ischemic brain can be accounted for by a substantial spread of ischemic damage over the brain.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

[Homovanillic acid content in the cerebrospinal fluid as an index of dopamine cerebral metabolism before and after a stereotaxic operation in patients with extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes].

The level of homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an indicator of the cerebral metabolism of dopamine was examined prior to and after the stereotaxic operation on the basal ganglia in 13 patients with extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes. The HVA levels in the lumbar CSF decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) following the operation. The data obtained suggest that a decrease in the activity of the central dopaminergic systems secondary to the destruction of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus affects the biochemical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of stereotaxic operations on extrapyramidal hyperkineses. A possible relationship of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus with dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems involved in the regulation of extrapyramidal motor functions is discussed. The findings obtained are important for the understanding of the role of the dopaminergic systems in the pathogenesis of extrapyramidal hyperkinetic syndromes and for the identification of the biochemical mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of stereotaxic operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Approaches to the study of dopamine metabolism in various extrapyramidal diseases].

The authors present the results of examining the content of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylacetic or homovanillic acid (the principal end metabolite of dopamine) in the ventricular fluid of patients suffering from various extrapyramidal diseases. A considerable lowering of the homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration is demonstrated in patients with parkinsonism: this reflects the degeneration of the dopamine-containing pathways and the lowering of the dopamine synthesis in the basal ganglia in that disease. The treatment with L-DOPA leads to a considerable rise of the HVA level in the ventricular fluid, the fact, that points to an intensification of dopamine metabolism in the brain, when its precursor, i.e. L-DOPA is given to the patients. In patients with deforming muscular dystonia, statistically significant differences of the HVA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid were noted. These differences correlated with the clinical manifestations of the disease. The concentration was found to be much higher in patients with local muscular rigidity, than in those in whose clinical picture the dystonic hyperkinesis was prevalent. It is concluded that in phenotypically different forms of the deforming muscular dystonia the character of the pathology of the central dopaminergic system is also different. Patients with Huntington's chorea showed a low level of the HVA in the intraventricular fluid. It is supposed that this is an evidence of either a fall of the dopamine total content in the brain because of the degeneration of the respective neurons, or of a deterioration of cerebral dopamine catabolism because of enzymatic insufficiency. The data obtained are of importance for understanding the pathogenesis, and for developing methods of treating extrapyramidal motor disturbances.

Athetosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in neurotransmitters in multiple sclerosis.

Patients with multiple sclerosis were found to have increased cerebrospinal fluid, noradrenaline, and excitatory amino acid (glutamate and aspartate) levels, with increased blood glutamine, asparagine, and glycine levels. An association was found between these biochemical parameters and the nature and severity of neurological symptoms, as well as with the course of the disease. Neurotransmitters are proposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, particularly in the biochemical mechanisms of the relationship between the nervous and immune systems, as well as in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the development of neurological deficit.

Adolescent↗