Biomedical subjects
E G McQueen
Publications and source records attributed to E G McQueen.
The patient with haematuria.
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ASH. Selective acronym?
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Changes in red cell shape in healthy elderly subjects taking low dose fish oil: pilot study.
OBJECTS: to investigate the effects of low dose fish oil on red cell shape and blood pressure in healthy elderly subjects during a 16 week treatment and an eight week follow-up. METHODS: red cell shape analysis by scanning electron microscopy with data analysis by repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: in the preoil blood samples the percentage of cells with surface changes was much higher than that of younger healthy subjects (24.0% vs 14.4%). While taking fish oil the percentage of cells with surface changes declined to a minimum at the end of the eighth week, steadily increased during the next eight weeks then declined during the eight week follow up. Mean blood pressures were not altered by the fish oil although that of five subjects taking different types of antihypertensive drugs tended to show greater fall in blood pressure than those not on drugs. CONCLUSION: that dietary supplementation with low dose fish oil was associated with changes in red cell shape. The observed changes are currently inexplicable.
Model representation of salicylate pharmacokinetics using unbound plasma salicylate concentrations and metabolite urinary excretion rates following a single oral dose.
The pharmacokinetics of salicylic acid (SA) and its metabolites have been studied in 5 volunteers after administration of 3 g salicylic acid (as sodium salicylate) and collection of serial samples of blood and urine. SA and its metabolites were assayed with a HPLC method specific for each species. The urinary excretion rates of individual metabolites were analyzed using unbound plasma SA concentrations and Lineweaver-Burke plots. The analysis confirmed that the formation of SA urate (SU) and SA phenolic glucuronide (SPG) metabolites are saturable processes, and showed that the Michaelis-Menten values derived are consistent with earlier estimates derived solely from urinary data. The unbound salicylate plasma concentration-time profiles were then analyzed with various models assuming either saturable clearances for metabolite formation and/or saturable protein binding. The data were best described with a model that included both saturable protein binding and saturable metabolism. The model assumed first-order absorption kinetics and instantaneous distribution into extravascular and tissue compartments. The model was validated by comparing predicted relationships between the apparent volume of distribution, clearance, and plasma salicylate concentrations with previous relationships obtained using steady state data.
Subcutaneous fluid administration in elderly subjects: validation of an under-used technique.
In a crossover study in six volunteers over the age of 65, absorption of 500 mL of normal saline given subcutaneously was compared with that given intravenously. Tritiated water and technetium pertechnetate were used as water tracers. Tritium radioisotope levels in the blood increased in a smooth curve during subcutaneous infusion, reaching equilibrium levels within 60 minutes. The area under the curve after subcutaneous infusion was almost identical to that after intravenous infusion in all subjects. Radioactivity could not be demonstrated at the subcutaneous site 1 hour after completion of the infusion. Subcutaneous infusion is an effective method of giving fluid to elderly people and deserves more widespread use.
Lest we forget.
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An unfortunate (start to a) leading article.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and platelet function.
The effect of some newer non steroidal inflammatory drugs on platelet function has been assessed using platelet malondialdehyde production as a measure of cyclooxygenase activity. After single doses of the short acting NSAID's diflunisal, naproxen and sulindac, platelet malondialdehyde production was substantially diminished at one and three hours. It had largely recovered by 24 hours and had returned to normal by 48 hours. After aspirin malondialdehyde production was markedly reduced and was still down at 72 hours. After the long acting NSAID piroxicam, in doses providing blood levels comparable with those in long term treatment, malondialdehyde production was still down at 72 hours.
New Zealand Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions: Seventeenth Annual Report, 1982.
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The effect of zinc and copper pretreatment on the binding of gold (I) to hepatic and renal metallothioneins.
In the first part of this study, single s.c. injections of gold (I) sodium thiomalate were given to male Wistar rats at various dose levels and sacrificed either at 48 hr or 4 days later. The results indicate that though metallothioneins play a significant role in the sequestration of renal gold, the ability of gold itself to induce synthesis of the metalloprotein was limited in the kidneys and practically insignificant in the liver. Pre-injection with zinc however, (4 mg/kg body wt), significantly (P less than 0.01) enhanced the uptake of gold into the metallothioneins both, in the liver as well as the kidneys. The pretreatment increased the proportion of cytosolic gold incorporated into the thioneins from 29% to 48% in the kidneys and from 22% to 47% in the liver. Concurrent increases in the uptake of zinc and copper into the thioneins was also observed. Pre-injection with copper induced a similar effect in the kidneys only. There was no significant difference in the overall uptake of gold into the cytosol itself between the control animals (injected with gold only) and those pretreated with either zinc or copper. This indicated that the increased uptake of gold into the thioneins in the pretreated animals were due to enhanced synthesis of metallothioneins and subsequent increased binding of gold to thioneins rather than increased levels of intracellular gold itself. It is suggested that increased protection against the deposition and possible toxicity of gold in the cell organelles of the liver and kidney tissues may be provided by an increased binding of gold to metallothioneins through pretreatment with zinc, and to a lesser extent copper.
New Zealand Committee on adverse drug reactions: sixteenth annual report 1981.
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Medicines and malformations.
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The place of clinical pharmacology in the clinical and academic scene today.
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New Zealand committee on adverse drug reactions: fifteenth annual report 1980.
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The long term safety of hormonal steroid contraceptives.
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