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Biomedical subjects

E G Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to E G Nelson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Aminoglycoside ototoxicity: a human temporal bone study.

OBJECTIVE: Hearing loss after aminoglycoside administration has been thought to result primarily from hair cell injury. The purpose of the study was to determine the potential for direct injury of spiral ganglion cells and hair cells in cases of documented human aminoglycoside ototoxicity. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. METHODS: The clinical course of two individuals with aminoglycoside ototoxicity are documented, including the details of administration of tobramycin and other ototoxic medication and serial audiograms. The temporal bones were processed, and the cochlear elements quantified. RESULTS: Histopathological study of the temporal bones from the individuals in the study demonstrated reduction of both ganglion cell and hair cell populations. Spiral ganglion cell loss was not necessarily subadjacent to areas of hair cell loss in cases of aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Instead, spiral ganglion cell reduction may be present in segments of the cochlea with normal-appearing hair cells. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that aminoglycoside antibiotics can injure spiral ganglion cells directly, as well as hair cells. Thus, the characteristic hearing loss of ototoxicity can result from degeneration of either cochlear element.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Aplasia of the cochlear nerve: a temporal bone study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal bone findings in individuals with cochlear nerve aplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. METHODS: Two individuals with unilateral profound deafness caused by aplasia of the cochlear nerve were identified. The temporal bones were processed, and the cochlear elements were quantified. RESULTS: Histopathologic study of the temporal bones from these individuals demonstrate that a fully formed cochlea and normal-appearing organ of Corti can occur in the absence of the spiral ganglion and cochlear nerve. Cochlear nerve aplasia can occur in both a narrow or a normal-sized internal auditory canal. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the development of the cochlea and organ of Corti are not dependent on the presence of the cochlear nerve and spiral ganglion. The entity of cochlear nerve aplasia in the presence of a normally formed cochlea must be considered when evaluating individuals as candidates for cochlear implantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Actinomycosis of the larynx.

Actinomycosis of the larynx is rare. Only seven cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of actinomycosis of the larynx in a 63-year-old male following radiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma. The diagnosis of actinomycosis can be made with a biopsy. It is important to distinguish infection from radionecrosis and recurrent carcinoma. Treatment consists of airway control and a prolonged course of antibiotics.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1991

Histopathology of metastatic temporal bone tumors.

Temporal bone metastasis is now being reported with increasing frequency. To understand the process of temporal bone metastasis, complete histologic evaluation of the temporal bones is essential. In this study, 60 temporal bones from 33 patients were evaluated. Different patterns of temporal bone involvement were noted depending on the mode of spread to the temporal bone. Involvement of the temporal bone usually occurs late in the disease process and is often asymptomatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Psychosocial factors seen as problems by family practice residents and their spouses.

Residents and spouses in the University of Minnesota Family Practice Program were surveyed using an inventory relating to psychosocial stresses in their lives. Faculty realized that the residency period of education was a process of critical role transition. Adequate adaptation made to stresses is related to the learning environment. The survey revealed that central concerns are leisure/time scarcity problems, domestic/spouse complaints, conflicting demands on study needs, lack of self confidence, reservations about medicine as a career choice, decrease in sexual expression, parenting worries, and communication deficiencies. Empirical data on stresses give rise to some program modifications and to further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The role of practice manager--changes in attitudes promoted by the Royal College of General Practitioners.

Because of the roles traditionally required of them, and because of the insularity of ancillary staff in general medical practice, many senior ancillary staff may not have been giving their doctors the most effective support of which they are capable. This is changing as a result of the change-promoting activities of the North of England Faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners.A survey of ancillary staff and general practitioners in the North of England has shown that the Royal College of General Practitioners has assisted ancillary staff to a greater consensus of more progressive views about the emerging role of practice manager than is the case amongst general practitioners. The results also show that differences in the size of practices have determined whether or not a need for a practice manager is perceived.The focus of interest created by this faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners has resulted in the formation of special interest groups of senior ancillary staff in the North of England. These groups form a valuable resource for exploration and innovation to discover more effective means of organising and managing general medical practice.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1974

The practice manager. A review and discussion of the literature.

The limited amount of literature available which describes the work of practice managers has been used as the basis for compiling a tentative job description and for the discussion of a number of actual or theoretical issues which seem to be relevant. A comparison is made at a superficial level with experience in the U.S.A.The intention is to clarify some ideas in a newly emerging aspect of community medicine and primary care with a view to exploring the possibilities for research, training and consultancy in the future.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative evaluation of sensorineural structures following stapes surgery.

Sensorineural hearing loss may occur following stapes surgery. The reason for this remains unclear in spite of experimental studies in animals and postmortem temporal bone evaluations in humans. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the sensorineural elements of six human temporal bones after stapes surgery. Outer hair cell loss in the upper basal turn was present in two cases. This lesion has not previously been described in human temporal bones after stapes surgery. In temporal bones with preoperative sensorineural hearing loss, evidence of presbycusis was also present. The importance of quantification in evaluating these structures must be stressed.

Aged↗