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Biomedical subjects

E Götz

Publications and source records attributed to E Götz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Dopamine receptor gene expression in an animal model of 'behavioral dependence' on ethanol.

The steady-state levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) of five cloned dopamine (D) receptors were measured in five brain regions in rats in a recently developed animal model of 'behavioral dependence' on ethanol. One group of rats was given the choice between ethanol and water over a 9-month period and developed 'behavioral dependence' on ethanol (group a). This group was compared with a group given the choice between ethanol and water for only 2 months (not yet behaviorally dependent, group b), a group forced to consume ethanol as sole fluid over a 9-month period (not behaviorally dependent, group c) and ethanol-naive control rats. All groups were sacrificed 1 month after ethanol withdrawal. The concentrations of mRNA of D3-receptors in the limbic forebrain (which included the nucleus accumbens) were significantly lowered in groups a and b, but unchanged in group c. D3 mRNA levels were reduced in the hippocampus of group b and unchanged in the cortex, amygdala and striatum. No significant changes in the mRNA concentrations of D1-, D2-, D4- or D5-receptors were seen in the five brain regions in any group. In conclusion, chronic consumption of ethanol under the 'free-choice condition', which may best induce the drug-rewarding effect, leads to specific changes in the D3-receptor gene expression which were not seen after forced ethanol administration. Changes in D3 mRNA levels were, however, not a specific correlate of 'behavioral dependence', as they were also detected in rats not yet 'behaviorally dependent' (group b).

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1996

Heparin-binding capacity of the HIV-1 NEF-protein allows one-step purification and biochemical characterization.

Recombinant Nef-protein of HIV-1 Bru derived from Escherichia coli revealed heparin-binding activity. This property was used to purify the Nef-protein by a one-step procedure, yielding about 90% homogenous Nef-protein as evaluated by silver staining. The Nef-protein was soluble without denaturing agents. Native folding of Nef was demonstrated with antibodies against conformational epitopes of Nef by a slot blot assay under native conditions. Despite its affinity to heparin and its nuclear localization in persistently HIV-1 infected glioblastoma cells (Kohleisen et al., 1992), Nef did not show DNA-binding properties by slot blot/hybridization assay and South/Western blot. In nucleotide-binding assays a strong autophosphorylation activity with [gamma-32P]ATP was observed. Nef-protein was not a substrate for ADP-ribosylation by bacterial toxins arguing against G-protein-like activities of Nef. Recombinant Nef did not interact with membranes as shown by the lack of increased fluorescence emission of Nef in the presence of liposomes. The recombinant Nef-protein obtained by one-step heparin-based purification shares immunological properties with native Nef and should prove useful for further studies of Nef function and immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Polydactyly in a foal--a case report].

Polydactylism, an excess deformity in a foal is described. The hereditary pathology and etiopathogenesis are discussed. A method of surgical correction of the deformed extremity is introduced. Indication and prognosis of the surgical correction of polydactylism and aspects concerning the breeding management are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Treatment of postoperative shivering with nalbuphine].

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative shivering is common and has potentially adverse side effects in high-risk patients. Meperidine, which binds to both mu- and kappa-opioid receptors, is reported to be more effective in treating shivering than morphine or fentanyl. Recent data indicate that much of meperidine's special antishivering effect may be mediated by its kappa-opioid receptor activity. Nalbuphine, an opioid agonist/antagonist also has a potent affinity for kappa-receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antishivering effect of nalbuphine in comparison to meperidine. METHODS: 100 ASA physical status I-II patients shivering after elective surgery were included in the study. General anaesthesia was performed with thiopentone, low-dose fentanyl and enflurane in N2O/O2. After arrival in the recovery room patients shivering within 5 min received either meperidine 25 mg or nalbupine 10 mg in a double-blind, randomised manner. The duration and severity of shivering, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, end-tidal CO2 concentration, O2-saturation and awareness were documented until 20 min after injection. Patients in need of a second injection were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Demographic variables, duration of operation and temperature decreases were not significantly different between treatment groups. The suppression of shivering was achieved within 4.0 +/- 3.5 or 4.6 +/- 4.1 min following the injection of meperidine or nalbuphine, respectively (p = NS). Vital signs and postoperative vigilance showed no significant differences. No adverse side effects were observed. DISCUSSION: The data indicated that nalbuphine suppressed postoperative shivering as effectively and timely as meperidine in equianalgesic doses. The observation is consistent with the hypothesis that stimulation of kappa-opioid receptors is a likely explanation for much of meperidine's antishivering action.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Gastrointestinal stress ulcer: still a typical intensive care complication or a vanishing disease?].

Stress-induced hemorrhage from gastroduodenal lesions is a serious complication in critically ill patients. An analysis of the studies published in recent years shows, that the incidence of "clinically relevant bleedings" decreased over the past 15 years. Beside a medicinal prophylaxis of stress lesions, the general improvements in critical care, like all measures to prevent stress, the early treatment of shock states, sufficient oxygenation and early enteral nutrition as well as the improvements in nursing care are responsible for the reduction of the incidence. Those in danger of "clinically relevant bleedings" are as a rule patients with one or more predisposing factors. These factors are conditions of hypotension, various forms of shock, hypoxia, respiratory failure, hepatic and renal failure, coagulopathies and the treatment with steroids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Only for these critically ill patients a medicinal prophylaxis of stress lesions in justified and sensible.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1993

Cerebral cortex injury: effect of blockers of re-uptake of catecholamines.

In rats, surgical injury of the neocortex enhances the level of procholecystokinin-mRNA in the ipsilateral cortex. This increase in procholecystokinin gene expression was significantly reduced by the blockers of catecholamine re-uptake nomifensine (4 mg/kg), cocaine (5 mg/kg) and (+)-oxaprotiline (1.5 mg/kg) given i.m. 30 min before the injury. The ganglionic blocking agent hexamethonium (3 mg/kg) prevented this effect of (+)-oxaprotiline and nomifensine. Also the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists corynanthine (2 mg/kg) and prazosin (2 mg/kg) blocked this effect of (+/-)-oxaprotiline (1.5 mg/kg). It is concluded that catecholamines acting on alpha 1-adrenoceptors can reduce the increase in procholecystokinin-mRNA caused by cortex injury. The catecholamines may be released from the sympathetic nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for a role of noradrenergic neurons in the increase in concentration of preprocholecystokinin-mRNA after cerebral cortex injury in rats.

A knife cut injuring the meninges and the upper layers of rat neocortex transiently increases the levels of preprocholecystokinin-mRNA in the whole ipsilateral cortex. 48 h after the injury, the rise in gene expression was reduced by the edema-induced increase in tissue pressure which develops after the trauma. The beta-adrenoceptor antagonists alprenolol (4 mg/kg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg), given i.m. 30 min prior to the injury, reduced the increase by 75.6 and 100%, respectively. In contrast, blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors as well as of dopamine and serotonin receptors by respective antagonists did not affect the injury-induced increase in levels of preprocholecystokinin-mRNA. These results suggest that noradrenergic neurons can contribute via stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors to the initiation of the injury-induced increase in preprocholecystokinin gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Meningocortical lesion increases expression of the cholecystokinin gene in rat cerebral cortex: evidence for the involvement of platelet-activating factor (PAF).

In rat neocortex, interneurons express the gene encoding cholecystokinin. After an injury to the meninges and the underlying cortex the levels of cholecystokinin mRNA are transiently enhanced in the ipsilateral hemisphere. In the present study, we have investigated, whether platelet-activating factor plays a role in this phenomenon. Two antagonists of platelet-activating receptors, i.e. WEB 2086 (1.5 mg/kg) and brotizolam (10 mg/kg), were used. When injected 30 min prior to the injury of the parietal cortex, both agents reduced the rise in the concentration of cholecystokinin mRNA in frontal cortex by approximately 60%. They had no significant effect when given 30 min after the injury. Our finding that antagonists of platelet-activating factor receptors diminish the injury-induced change in the activity of cholecystokinin-interneurons opens the possibility that these agents may also affect other pathophysiological aspects of brain trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of gabapentin on release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from slices of rat neostriatum.

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue gabapentin (CAS 60142-96-3) has a strong anticonvulsant activity in patients, but its mechanism of action is unknown. In the present study, the effect of gabapentin was tested on the release of [3H]GABA from neostriatal slices incubated in vitro. Gabapentin displayed a bell-shaped concentration-response curve. When used at the therapeutically relevant concentration of 1 mumol/l, it nearly doubled the release of [3H]GABA, while it was without effects at concentrations of 0.1 and 10 mumol/l, respectively. The enhancing effect was blocked by the GABAA receptor antagonists picrotoxin (5 mumol/l) and bicucullin (100 mumol/l). When the slices were pre-incubated with the agonist muscimol (1 mumol/l) to occupy the GABAA receptors, 1 mumol/l gabapentin no longer enhanced the release of [3H]GABA. It is concluded that gabapentin can enhance the release of [3H]GABA, when used at a therapeutically relevant concentration. GABAA receptors are involved in this effect which may contribute to the agent's anticonvulsant activity.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of staged lavages in peritonitis on the vital functions].

In 16 consecutive patients with diffuse peritonitis 93 staged lavages were undertaken. In a retrospective study the changes of some vital functions due to transport in the operating room and staged lavage were evaluated. 9 patients (56%) survived the diffuse peritonitis. The vital parameters showed no significant changes following staged lavages. Intraabdominal specimen cultures were positive in 62% of cases, showing no correlation of the underlying disease and mortality. Only an elevation of C-reactive protein and rise of thrombocyte count correlated significantly with the outcome of diffuse peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The potential of preoperative autologous blood donation to reduce intraoperative homologous blood transfusions in a municipal hospital.

The possibility of introducing autologous blood donation as a standard procedure in elective surgery is investigated, taking as an example a typical tertiary care municipal hospital. Homologous blood transfusions were necessary in 808 of a total of 10,128 cases. In 109 out of 311 cases, which amounts to 35% of all cases with elective surgery and homologous blood transfusion, autologous blood transfusion would retrospectively have been possible, saving a total of 327 blood units.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1988

[Metabolic disorders caused by blood transfusions].

Preserved stored blood undergoes metabolic changes depending on the duration of storage. These metabolic changes include a deprivation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), acidosis and hyperkalemia. The preservative contains citrate as an anticoagulant which binds the ionised serum calcium. 2,3-DPG depleted erythrocytes show a clearly elevated oxygen affinity. Following massive transfusion, these changes can also occur in the recipient. Under these conditions, patients with coronary artery disease show impaired heart function. Prejudicial changes concerning other vital systems have not yet been definitely proved. Acidosis, hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia can take place under massive transfusion. Normally the body's own compensatory mechanisms ensure sufficient recompensation; however, under hypothermia or shock these mechanisms can be impaired. Disturbances of the electrolyte and acid base system are safely detected by ECG and regularly performed acid base analysis.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗