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Biomedical subjects

E Gade

Publications and source records attributed to E Gade.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Susceptibility testing of macrolide antibiotics against Haemophilus influenzae and correlation of in vitro results with in vivo efficacy in a mouse septicemia model.

There is poor correlation between the MICs and zone sizes obtained for erythromycin against Haemophilus influenzae. The effect of two media, Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 3% lysed horse blood and 10 micrograms of NAD per ml (MHA + LYHB) and Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 1% bovine hemoglobin and 1% IsoVitaleX (MHA + HGB), on the MICs and zone sizes of erythromycin against H. influenzae was determined. The effect of three different methods for inoculum preparation on the susceptibility of H. influenzae was also determined. The MICs were independent of the method of inoculum preparation, but the zone sizes were smaller if the inoculum was carefully adjusted to contain approximately 10(8) CFU/ml. MICs were higher and zone sizes were smaller when MHA + HGB was used instead of MHA + LYHB. Good correlation was found when MHA + LYHB was used for determining the MIC and MHA + HGB was used for determining susceptibility by the disk method. When the inoculum was adjusted to match a McFarland 0.5 standard, the viable counts had to be approximately 10(8) CFU/ml for good correlation between MICs and zone sizes. A-56268, a new macrolide antibiotic, was tested against H. influenzae, and its MICs and tentative breakpoints against this organism were determined. The MICs obtained by various methods were correlated with in vivo efficacy by using a mouse septicemia model. MICs obtained on MHA + HGB or MHA + LYHB incubated without a 5% CO2 atmosphere showed the best correlation with in vivo efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Regression analysis, proposed interpretative zone size standards, and quality control guidelines for a new macrolide antimicrobial agent, A-56268 (TE-031).

A-56268 is a 6-O-methyl derivative of erythromycin A which has a spectrum of activity similar to that of erythromycin and is 1 log2 dilution more potent than erythromycin against most organisms that have been tested. The correlation of zone size diameters and MICs of A-56268 for 461 strains of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens was investigated. Based on anticipated levels in human serum of 2 micrograms/ml, 15-microgram disks have been recommended with zone size standards of greater than or equal to 15 mm for susceptibility (MIC correlate, less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml) and less than or equal to 11 mm for resistance (MIC correlate, greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml). Selection of these tentative breakpoints resulted in no very major errors (false susceptible), a major error (false resistant) rate of 0.22%, and an acceptable minor error (intermediate) rate of 2.82%. MIC ranges and zone diameter limits for quality control organisms used in the standardized agar dilution and disk diffusion susceptibility tests with A-56268 are given.

Clarithromycin↗
PubMed1986

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of A-56268 (TE-031), a new macrolide.

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of A-56268 (TE-031), the 6-O-methyl derivative of erythromycin, was compared with those of erythromycin and other reference drugs. A-56268 had the same spectrum of antibacterial activity as erythromycin. A-56268 was generally 1 log2 dilution more potent or equal to erythromycin against all organisms except haemophilus influenzae and Propionibacterium acnes, for which A-56268 was 1 log2 dilution and 3 log2 dilutions, respectively, less potent. The MBC of A-56268 and erythromycin was not significantly different from the MIC against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and H. influenzae but was more than 2 log2 dilutions higher than the MICs for some Staphylococcus aureus strains. Human serum at a concentration of 50% did not change the in vitro potency of A-56268 or erythromycin. A-56268 was similar to erythromycin in being more active at pH 8.0 than at the physiologic pH of 7.3. The activity of A-56268 was synergistic with sulfamethoxazole against 4 of 12 strains of H. influenzae. In mouse protection tests, when administered orally A-56268 was more potent than erythromycin against H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. After subcutaneous administration the potencies of A-56268 and erythromycin were not statistically different from each other. A-56268 was more potent than erythromycin against Legionella infection in guinea pigs. The concentration of A-56268 in the serum and lung was higher than that of erythromycin after intraperitoneal administration. In A-56268 in the serum and lung was higher than that of erythromycin after intraperitoneal administration. In mice, the peak levels in serum of A-56268 and erythromycin were similar after subcutaneous administration and seven times higher for A-56268 after oral administration. The serum half-life of A-56268 was approximately twice that of erythromycin after administration by both routes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Personality differences between alcoholics anonymous members and nonmembers.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are personality differences between members of Alcoholics Anonymous and nonmembers . A total of 91 alcoholics who were active members of A.A. and who had completed at least six months of abstinence were matched by race and sex with 91 alcoholics who had recently completed alcoholism treatment and who were not A.A. members. Four scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ ), measuring toughmindedness , emotionality, extroversion and " fakability ," were administered to both groups. A 2 X 2 X 2 multivariate analysis of variance was performed using sex (men, women), race (American Indian, Caucasian) and group (A.A., non-A.A.) as the independent variables and the four EPQ scales as the dependent variables. The main effects of race and group were significant, but none of the interaction effects was significant. American Indian alcoholics were significantly more toughminded than the Caucasians. A.A. members were significantly more extroverted and less toughminded and emotional than nonmembers .

Alcoholics Anonymous↗