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Biomedical subjects

E Galdiero

Publications and source records attributed to E Galdiero.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Candida spp. morphotype differentiation on Sabouraud-Triphenyltetrazolium-Agar (STTZ-Agar) under three different experimental conditions.

One hundred and thirty-two strains of Candida spp. were cultured on STTZ-Agar at 37 degrees C for 6 days and at 25 degrees C for 6 and 21 days to determine the culture conditions that would ensure maximum reproducibility in the discrimination of the strains of the same species. Standardization is of utmost importance, as varying experimental conditions can alter the results of the tests. Further studies are needed also implementing molecular tests to establish possible relationships between morphotype, genotype and virulence.

Agar↗
PubMed2004

Lipoteichoic acid and muramic acid modulate the expression of CD80/CD86 on THP-1 cells and CD28/CD152 on Jurkat cells.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and muramic acid (MA) on costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 on THP-1 cells and CD28/CD152 on Jurkat cells. The interactions between these molecules strongly influence the immune response through the regulation of cytokine release which, on its own, is able to regulate the immunological response by a feedback mechanism. Our results show that LTA and MA regulate expression of CD86 on macrophages while the expression of CD80 remains unmodified. LTA and MA increase the expression of CD86 on THP-1 cells, a macrophage cell line. MA increased Jurkat T cells CD152 expression.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2003

Distribution of mecA among methicillin-resistant clinical staphylococcal strains isolated at hospitals in Naples, Italy.

Two hundred and twenty strains of Staphylococcus isolated in Naples, Italy, were surveyed for the distribution of the mecA, the structural gene for penicillin-binding protein 2a, which is the genetic determinant for methicillin-resistance in staphylococci. Screening by a cloned mecA, revealed that of 220 strains, 43 were methicillin-resistant (19.5%) and 177 were methicillin-susceptible (80.5%). Among the 43 resistant strains 23 (53.5%) carried mecA in their genome and 20 (46.5%) did not carry mecA, in spite of their resistance to methicillin. Every group was submitted to the AP-PCR profiling. A quantitative analysis of the patterns divided strains into four different clusters for methicillin-resistant mecA-negative and two different clusters for methicillin-resistant mecA-positive with primer 1, while no clusters were noted with primer 7. We conclude that these clinical isolates from our area, were not found to belong to a single clone, although the predominance of four methicillin-resistant mecA-negative genotypes were noted.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2003

Porins and lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium regulate the expression of CD80 and CD86 molecules on B cells and macrophages but not CD28 and CD152 on T cells.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of porins from Salmonella typhimurium on costimulatory molecules such as CD80/CD86 and CD28/CD152. The interactions between these molecules are able to influence the immune response through the regulation of cytokines release which, on their own, are able to regulate the immunological response by a feedback mechanism. METHODS: S. typhimurium strain SH5014 (a rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) producing strain) was used as the source of porins and LPS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from healthy adult donors. THP1 cells were obtained from ATCC (Rockville, MD, USA). Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed using a FACS IV (Becton-Dickinson, Mountain View, CA, USA). RESULTS: Our results show that porins of S. typhimurium increase the expression of CD86 and the expression of CD80 both on B lymphocytes and macrophages, while the expression of CD28 and CD152 on T lymphocytes was unaltered. The expression of CD80 and CD86 is dose-dependent and starts after 24 h post treatment, peaks at 48 h and goes back to the basal value after 72 h. CONCLUSIONS: S. typhimurium porins are able to induce a high expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes and macrophages.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2002

Coinfection with BHV-1 modulates cell adhesion and invasion by P. multocida and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica.

Viruses are thought to facilitate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. The present study shows the effect of BHV-1 on Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica adherence and invasion of MDBK cells. The virus-infected MDBK cells become more susceptible to the adherence of both species of Pasteurella. The observed adherence increase depends on the length of virus pre-incubation time and on virus concentration. When MDBK cells are not infected with virus, they are only invaded by P. multocida, while M. haemolytica is not able to penetrate. The viral infection favours also the invasion by M. haemolytica.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Porins and lipopolysaccharide induce apoptosis in human spermatozoa.

Treatment of human spermatozoa with porins or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases spontaneous apoptosis in these cells. Porins and LPS were extracted from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pasteurella multocida and were mixed with human spermatozoa for detection of levels of apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2000

Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration through bovine endothelial cells in vitro by protein H and LPS of Pasteurella multocida.

This study describes an in vitro investigation on the role of Pasteurella multocida cells and its isolated protein H and LPS on neutrophil adhesion and migration through bovine endothelial cell monolayers. P. multicoda cells, protein H and LPS increased the adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils through BAEC. The bacteria/cell ratio of 100 for P. multocida, protein H concentration 0.05-0.2 microM and LPS concentration 0.5-1.0 microM respectively, induced the maximum adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils through BAEC. The optimal time of incubation with bacteria or bacterial products was 4-6 h. Our results confirm the role of Gram-negative bacteria and of components of the outer membrane such as protein H or LPS in activating the neutrophils and in promoting the adhesion and cells transmigration from the vessels to the site of inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

HSP and apoptosis in leukocytes from infected or vaccinated animals by Brucella abortus.

The production of hsp and apoptosis of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of animals naturally infected with Brucella spp or treated with the vaccine Brucella abortus 19 have been investigated in this study. Cytokines able to induce phagocytic activity in macrophages of non treated healthy animals were found in the supernatant of bovine leukocytes cultivated in vitro. A long-lasting antibody response against hsp 60 kDa and 27 kDa, which lasts a long time, is induced in naturally infected animals, while in animals vaccinated with B. abortus 19 we detected an antibody response against hsp 60 and 70 kDa which is much shorter, disappearing in two months. During the early phase of infection, lymphocytes and monocytes of naturally infected animals show a delay of apoptosis in vitro compared to the same cells coming from healthy controls and vaccinated animals.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1999

The effect of dietary lipid manipulation on murine splenic lymphocytes apoptosis and heat shock protein over expression.

In this study, we kept BALB/c mice on a hyperlipidic diet for 120 days and then assessed the predisposition to apoptosis and the appearance of heat shock protein (Hsp) on splenic lymphocytes. By immunoblot analysis, bands corresponding to Hsp 60 and Hsp 70 in cells from mice kept on a saturated fatty acid diet showed a greater expression already after 1 month while two other bands, which correspond to Hsp 25 and Hsp 27, were slightly present after 1 month of treatment. In cells from mice kept on a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acid, there was a marked expression of Hsp 25 and Hsp 27 after only 30 days of treatment, which was maintained constant for up to 4 months; while for bands corresponding to Hsp 60 and Hsp 70, a significant minor signal was only detectable after 2-4 months from the beginning of the treatment. Splenic lymphocytes from animals kept on a lipidic diet containing saturated fatty acids were more susceptible to death by apoptosis, while cells of animals treated with unsaturated fatty acid were shown to be more resistant.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of saline concentration, pH and growth temperature on the invasive capacity of Listeria monocytogenes.

The invasive ability of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored after treatment at different pH, temperature and salt concentrations. We found a complete loss of invasive ability in bacteria grown at pH < or = 4.5 independently of the incubation temperature (4, 22 and 30 degrees C). Increasing salt concentrations at 22 and 30 degrees C had no effect at pH 7, while drastically affecting invasive ability at pH 5. The expression of two proteins of 30 and 88 kDa, extracted from the culture supernatant and the cell wall, respectively, was detected only in cells grown under normal conditions, but not after low pH and high salt concentration treatment.

Caco-2 Cells↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructural and biochemical studies on Candida albicans after prolonged incubation in sea water.

Candida albicans yeast cells suspended in sterilized sea water and cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion broth were compared. Viability, chemical composition, surface hydrophobicity and ultrastructural characteristics showed variations after incubation in sea water. The yeast cells developed some ultrastructural changes after about a month in sea water. The surface hydrophobicity of the yeast cells was gradually reduced, starting from day 16, and continued to decline throughout the 32 days in sea water. A decrease in total carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents was also observed and corresponded with ultrastructural modifications.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1996

Presence of Legionella spp. in thermal springs of the Campania region of south Italy.

Water samples from 66 thermal springs in the Campania region of South Italy were cultured for Legionella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and indicators of faecal pollution. The temperature of the sources ranged from 21 degrees C to 59.5 degrees C. Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 7-10, was isolated from two out of 60 sources on the Island of Ischia and Legionella dumoffii from one mainland source. The temperatures of these sources were 35.2 degrees C, 48.2 degrees C, and 52.0 degrees C respectively. Twelve sources were positive for P. aeruginosa and 6 for Escherichia coli. Our results found that Legionella spp. were present in only three thermal springs, indicating that in the hydrothermal area of the Campania region the presence of this microbial species is very scarce.

Italy↗
PubMed1994

Toxic effect on human spermatozoa by Chlamydia trachomatis purified lipopolysaccharide.

We have investigated the effect that lipopolysaccharide extracted from Chlamydia trachomatis has on human spermatozoa. A lipopolysaccharide of 0.1 microgram ml-1 caused a spermatozoa mortality rate of 65 +/- 4% evaluated by eosin exclusion test. The toxic activity occurred rapidly even after brief incubation times, reaching the maximum (100% mortality) within 60 min.

Cell Death↗
PubMed1993

Correlation between changes in surface hydrophobicity and interaction of Streptococcus pyogenes with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after prolonged starvation in sea water.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the persistence of virulence characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes cells after prolonged starvation in sea water. Studies were carried out on changes in viability, alterations in the chemical composition and surface hydrophobicity and the interaction of S. pyogenes with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) after starvation. Results showed that surface hydrophobicity decreased progressively starting after three days of starvation and was correlated with the decrease in total carbohydrate, lipid and protein content. These values correlated with a better interaction of S. pyogenes cells with the PMN, as shown by a chemiluminescence increase that reached a peak after 32 days of starvation. Furthermore, bacterial cells became more easily phagocytized and killed by human PMN.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Cytotoxic activity and IL-1 production in mice infected with Aspergillus niger.

In this report, we demonstrate an interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during A. nigr infection. Supernatants obtained after 48 hrs adherence of infected peritoneal macrophages were able to increase the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. Our results also indicate that macrophage supernatant (MS) from mice, in the first 5 days after challenge, is more active on T cell than MS produced later. Splenic T cells activated by IL-1 from mice at 5 days of infection show a significantly increased cytotoxicity, at 10 days after challenge, the cytotoxicity of T cells activated by IL-1 did not significantly differ from non-activated T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Further characterization of the impaired protective function in mice fed with lipid diet.

Female mice were maintained on lipid diet for 20 days. The nonspecific and immunological defense capability was determined by in vitro and in vivo methods. It was found that mice held mostly on a lipid diet demonstrate an all-round lowered response. Following 20 days of lipid diet the splenocytes exhibit: (1) an inversed lipid-protein ratio; (2) an inability to respond to sheep erythrocytes; (3) a reduction in [3H] thymidine incorporation in splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or with concanavalin A; (4) a reduction in the number of cells bearing surface immunoglobulins in splenocytes stimulated with LPS; (5) an inhibition of phagocytosis and intracellular killing in macrophages; (6) a lowering in granulocyte chemotaxis and adherence capacity; (7) a higher mortality to LPS after loading with galactosamine; and (8) a lowered complement activity even following LPS activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Porin content modifies resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to phagocytosis.

Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, which contain different quantities of outer membrane proteins, show different susceptibility to phagocytosis. We correlate susceptibility to phagocytosis with molecular surface characteristics which are responsible for invasiveness and virulence of bacteria.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗